[51][52] A hospital in Pétion-Ville, a wealthy suburb of Port-au-Prince, also collapsed,[53] as did the St. Michel District Hospital in the southern town of Jacmel,[54] which was the largest referral hospital in south-east Haiti. The quake affected the three Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) medical facilities around Port-au-Prince, causing one to collapse completely. CNN Editorial Research. [256] They claimed that rape of Haitian women and girls who had been living in camps since the January earthquake was increasing, in part, because the United Nations wasn't doing enough to protect them. Robert Fox, executive director of Oxfam Canada, said: "The dysfunction has been aided unabated by the way the international community has organized itself, where pledges have been made and they haven't followed through [and] where they come to the table with their own agendas and own priorities. The Haitian government’s official count was more than 300,000, but other estimates were considerably smaller. "[242], The Netherlands sponsored a project, called Radio555. [260], In January 2012, two years since the quake, figures released by the United Nations show that of the nearly US$4.5 billion pledged for reconstruction projects in 2010 and 2011, only 43% has been delivered. The epidemic reached the tent cities of Port-au-Prince in November 2010, and by 2016 it had sickened some 770,000 people and proved fatal to more than 9,200. [83] Some high-ranking government workers lost family members, or had to tend to wounded relatives. Witnesses told reporters that the sea first retreated and a "very big wave" followed rapidly, crashing ashore and sweeping boats and debris into the ocean.[50]. [136] The American Red Cross set a record for mobile donations, raising US$7 million in 24 hours when they allowed people to send US$10 donations by text messages. ", "Two years on and Haiti's reconstruction proceeds at a 'snail's pace,' leaving half a million Haitians homeless – Oxfam America", "Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti » Blog Archive » Press Release: Two Years After The Earthquake, Where Did The Money Go? The main road linking Port-au-Prince with Jacmel remained blocked ten days after the earthquake, hampering delivery of aid to Jacmel. [73] The Haitian art world suffered great losses; artworks were destroyed, and museums and art galleries were extensively damaged, among them Port-au-Prince's main art museum, Centre d'Art, College Saint Pierre and Holy Trinity Cathedral. The election to choose Préval’s successor as president took place in November 2010 after a 10-month delay. [189] The Canadian navy vessel HMCS Halifax was deployed to the area on 18 January; the Canadians joined Colombian rescue workers, Chilean doctors, a French mobile clinic, and Sri Lankan relief workers who had already responded to calls for aid. The earthquake caused an urgent need for outside rescuers to communicate with Haitians whose main or only language is Haitian Creole. This will still be on our radar screen long after it's off the crawler at CNN. According to U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention it is considered the worst epidemic of cholera since the 1994 outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (called Zaire at that time). Crime in the camps was widespread, especially against women and girls. [218] The United Kingdom's Secretary of State for International Development Douglas Alexander called the result of the earthquake an "almost unprecedented level of devastation", and committed the UK to £20 million in aid, while France promised €10 million. [13] The deputy mayor of Léogâne reported that 90% of the town's buildings had been destroyed. Even if this logistical logjam were to be cleared, the vast majority of Port-au-Prince residents, up to 85%, did not own their homes before the earthquake. (CNN) At least 10 people were killed after a magnitude 5.9 earthquake struck near Haiti on Saturday night, according to Haiti's civil protection agency. The unpublished report put the death toll between 46,000 and 85,000 and put the number of displaced persons at 895,000, of which only 375,000 remained in temporary shelters. (CNN) Here's a look at the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, which struck on January 12, 2010. Many areas of Port-au-Prince were settled either by tonton makout – Duvalier's death squads – given land for their service or by squatters. [214] Following the meeting with Secretary Clinton, President Préval stated that the highest priorities in Haiti's recovery were establishing a working government, clearing roads, and ensuring the streets were cleared of bodies to improve sanitary conditions. [250], In July 2010, CNN returned to Port-au-Prince and reported, "It looks like the quake just happened yesterday", and Imogen Wall, spokeswoman for the United Nations office of humanitarian affairs in Haiti, said that "six months from that time it may still look the same. It was reported that gang leaders and land owners were intimidating the displaced and that sexual, domestic, and gang violence in and around the camps was rising. [273], According to the International Monetary Fund, more than half of the 10,000,000 cubic metres (13,000,000 cu yd) of debris have been removed, and 20% of it has been recycled. The earthquake that devastated Haiti Tuesday was the strongest temblor to hit the island nation in more than 200 years. U.N. Humanitarian Coordinator Mourad Wahba said, "There are still about 55,000 people in camps and makeshift camps. [101] Airport congestion was reduced on 18 January when the United Nations and US forces formally agreed to prioritise humanitarian flights over security reinforcement. [5] The government of Haiti estimated that 250,000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings had collapsed or were severely damaged. The general disorder created by the earthquake—combined with the destruction of the country’s electoral headquarters and the death of UN officials working in concert with the Haitian electoral council—prompted Haitian Pres. The earthquake occurred 18.457°N, 72.533°W. [69], Most of Port-au-Prince's municipal buildings were destroyed or heavily damaged, including the City Hall, which was described by The Washington Post as, "a skeletal hulk of concrete and stucco, sagging grotesquely to the left. [223] By 8 February 2010, the federal International Co-operation Department, through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), had already provided about C$85 million in humanitarian aid through UN agencies, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and to organizations such as CARE, Médecins du Monde, Save the Children, Oxfam Quebec, the Centre for International Studies and co-operation, and World Vision. The neighbouring Dominican Republic was the first country to give aid to Haiti,[117] sending water, food and heavy-lifting machinery. It was also felt in several surrounding countries and regions, including Cuba (MM III in Guantánamo), Jamaica (MM II in Kingston), Venezuela (MM II in Caracas), Puerto Rico (MM II–III in San Juan), and the bordering Dominican Republic (MM III in Santo Domingo). Haiti Quake: Ruin And Recovery. Amongst the widespread devastation and damage throughout Port-au-Prince and elsewhere, vital infrastructure necessary to respond to the disaster was severely damaged or destroyed. The most recent cyclones to hit the island before the earthquake were Tropical Storm Fay and Hurricanes Gustav, Hanna and Ike, all in the summer of 2008, causing nearly 800 deaths. [85], Almost immediately Port-au-Prince's morgue facilities were overwhelmed. "[266], The Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti, Let Haiti Live, and the Center for Constitutional Rights have recommended immediate changes to recovery efforts to ensure that critical human rights concerns are addressed. [159] Port-au-Prince, according to an international studies professor at the University of Miami, was ill-equipped before the disaster to sustain the number of people who had migrated there from the countryside over the past ten years to find work. [203], The US Navy listed its resources in the area as "17 ships, 48 helicopters and 12 fixed-wing aircraft" in addition to 10,000 sailors and Marines. [166], The US military acknowledged the non-governmental organizations' complaints concerning flight-operations bias and promised improvement while noting that up to 17 January 600 emergency flights had landed and 50 were diverted; by the first weekend of disaster operations, diversions had been reduced to three on Saturday and two on Sunday. Retrieved 17 January 2010, Marrapodi, Eric, Lawrence, Chris, Hall, Rick, Phillips, Rich, Watson, Ivan and Candiotti, Susan, Charles, Jacqueline, Trenton, Daniel, Clark, Lesley, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti, United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti, responded to appeals for humanitarian aid, Damage to infrastructure in the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Toussaint L'Ouverture International Airport, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Humanitarian response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Humanitarian response by national governments to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Humanitarian response by non-governmental organizations to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Humanitarian response by for-profit organizations to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, International Charter on Space and Major Disasters, Timeline of relief efforts after the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Canadian International Development Agency, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "Haiti's 2010 Earthquake Caused Lasting Damage", "New Zealand quake raises questions about L.A. buildings", Lessons to be learned from Haiti's tsunami, "Tens of thousands isolated at quake epicentre", "As Haiti mourns, quake survivor found in rubble", "Red Cross: 3M Haitians Affected by Quake", "Haiti quake death toll rises to 230,000", "Archbishop of Port-Au-Prince Dies in Haiti Quake", "Boschafter: Mehrere Minister unter den Toten", "Briefing by Martin Nesirky, Spokesperson for the Secretary-General, and Jean Victor Nkolo, Spokesperson for the President of the General Assembly", "Soundscapes of Disaster and Humanitarianism: Survival Singing, Relief Telethons, and the Haiti Earthquake", "Haiti: bilancio del terremoto, 111.499 vittime", "Tremblements de terre en Haïti, mythe ou réalité ? [196], Over the first weekend 130,000 food packets and 70,000 water containers were distributed to Haitians, as safe landing areas and distribution centers such as golf courses were secured. The earthquake had a 7.0 magnitude. [69][101] Lt. Gen. P.K. More than 600,000 people left Port-au-Prince to stay with families outside the capital. The U.S. Department of Justice asserted that the UN was immune from prosecution in 2014. While the number of camps continued to diminish, more than 62,000 people were still displaced in early 2016. Subscribe to ad-free EarthquakeTrack Plus for the best earthquake tracking experience plus additional features and subscriber-only perks. [234] Around 2,000 Haitians applied for this offer. Voter turnout was low, and allegations of electoral fraud were widespread. He was a research editor with Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. from 2008 to 2016 and worked on Britannica Blog from 2010... People picking through the rubble of their home after it was destroyed by a massive earthquake on January 12, 2010, in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. 7.0 Magnitude Quake struck near Port au Prince 2. Because many hospitals had been rendered unusable, survivors were forced to wait days for treatment and, with morgues quickly reaching capacity, corpses were stacked in the streets. ", "Earthquake leaves Haiti 'worse than a war zone, "Fears of major catastrophe as 7.0 quake rocks Haiti", "Magnitude 7.0 – HAITI REGION Tectonic Summary", "Earthquake in Haiti: Gone in 30 seconds", "Complex rupture during the 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake", "Magnitude 7.0 – HAITI REGION USGS Community Internet Intensity Map", "More than 2 million affected by earthquake, Chile's president says", "Haiti quake: The worst of places for a big tremor", "Finite Fault Model Preliminary Result of the 12 January 2010 Mw 7.0 Haiti Earthquake", "NGY Seismology Note No.24 (in Japanese)", "Deformation of Jamaica and motion of the Gonâve microplate from GPS and seismic data", "Entiquillo-Plantain Garden Strike-Slip Fault Zone: A Major Seismic Hazard Affecting Dominican Republic, Haiti and Jamaica", "Haiti/ Menace de Catastrope Naturelle / Risque sismique élevé sur Port-au-Prince", "New aid arrives, but aftershock rattles Haiti", "Aftershock Rattles Nerves in Haitian Capital", "Haitians flee in fear as big aftershock hits", Haiti earthquake: reaching victims outside the capital, "Many casualties expected after big quake in Haiti", "In Petit Paradis, earthquake then tsunami", "Aid workers face frightening challenges in wake of massive quake in Haiti", "Only one hospital open in Haiti's quake-hit capital", "Major earthquake off Haiti causes hospital to collapse", "Haitians show fortitude in face of disaster", "UN provides generator for a hospital in Haiti", "Haiti seaport damage complicates relief efforts", Statement From Digicel on Haiti Earthquake, "Update from Trilogy: five employees killed in Haiti", "Earthquake Sets Back Haiti's Efforts to Improve Telecommunications", "Haïti: les rescapés évacués à la Martinique décrivent le "chaos, "Info – Séisme à Haïti: les autorités s'attendent au pire", "Haiti's president narrowly missed injury in quake", "U.S. [144], Several orphanages were destroyed in the earthquake. The 2010 Haiti earthquake was a very strong earthquake that hit Haiti on January 12, 2010. In many cases land ownership was never officially registered. [63][64] The National Palace was severely damaged,[65][66] though President René Préval and his wife Elisabeth Delatour Préval escaped without injury. [278][279], By the beginning of the year only a small part—$215 million—of the total funds collected for aid had been spent on permanent housing, with most of it—$1.2 billion—going for short-term solutions including tent camps, temporary shelters, and cash grants that paid a year's rent. Though aftershocks are typically several orders of magnitude below the original temblor, they can still cause further damage, especially with the precarious building situation in Haiti. [275] By August 2013, it had killed over 8,231 Haitians and hospitalized hundreds of thousands more. [169][170] US officials acknowledged that coordination of the relief effort is central to Haitian recovery. Indeed, since the establishment of a modern global seismic network in 1964, the Port-au-Prince region of southern Haiti has experienced only one earthquake of magnitude greater than 4.0, with sev-eral additional events occurring 100 km to the west. Survivors who were able to access the Internet—and friends and relatives abroad—took to social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook in search of information on those missing in the wake of the catastrophe. [67][68] The Prison Civile de Port-au-Prince was also destroyed, allowing around 4,000 inmates to escape. 3. As of February 2010[update] the water level was low, but engineer Yves Gattereau believed the dam could collapse during the rainy season, which would flood Grand-Goâve 12 km (7.5 mi) downstream. [171] President Préval asked for calm coordination between assisting nations without mutual accusations. [115] The most reliable academic estimate of the number of earthquake casualties in Haiti (over 95% were in the immediate Port-au-Prince area) "within six weeks of the earthquake" appears to be the 160,000 estimate in a 2010 University of Michigan study. During this time the Humanitarian Coalition raised over C$15 Million. [186] Although US Secretary of Defense Robert Gates had previously ruled out dropping food and water by air as too dangerous, by 16 January, US helicopters were distributing aid by drops to areas impossible to reach by land. [90] Max Beauvoir, a Vodou priest, protested the lack of dignity in mass burials, stating, "... it is not in our culture to bury people in such a fashion, it is desecration". They also worked to push the international community to recognize the wave of evictions from camps that started as early as three months after the earthquake and to put protections in place, but little was done in response. The epicentre was just 25 km west of the capital Port-au-Prince and the focus was only 13km below the surface. Of these, over one million were left homeless in the immediate aftermath. [26] Haiti is no stranger to natural disasters. [114] As of January 2012, USAID has not released the report and states on its website that 1.5 million people were displaced, of which 550,000 remain without permanent shelter. In 2016 Haiti was struck by Hurricane Matthew which leveled entire communities and caused an upsurge in the ongoing cholera epidemic which was introduced to the island by United Nations peacekeepers. Telling them to wash their hands when there's no water or soap is a slap in the face. Although that area was cleared by July 2012, countrywide some 500 camps still remained at the end of the year. In Port-au-Prince the cathedral and the National Palace were both heavily damaged, as were the United Nations headquarters, national penitentiary, and parliament building. [241], The commission was critiqued by Haitian groups for lacking Haitian civil society representation and accountability mechanisms. We have a very long way to go. [30] The rupture was roughly 65 km (40 mi) long with mean slip of 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in). [47], The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center issued a tsunami warning immediately after the initial quake,[48] but quickly cancelled it. The Léogâne fault, which cannot be observed at the surface, descends northward at an oblique angle away from the EPG fault system, and many geologists contend that the earthquake resulted from the slippage of rock upward across its plane of fracture. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. About half the nation's schools and the three main universities in Port-au-Prince were affected. [197] Nearly 2,000 rescuers had arrived from 43 different groups, with 161 search dogs; the airport had handled 250 tons of relief supplies by the end of the weekend. Election observers noted fewer instances of fraud in the runoff, and voter turnout was higher. 2010 Haiti earthquake, magnitude 7.0 earthquake that struck some 15 miles (25 km) southwest of the Haitian capital of Port-au-Prince on January 12, 2010. The earthquake hit southern Haiti at 4:53 p.m. local time. A magnitude-8.0 earthquake had struck the Dominican Republic in 1946. The public telephone system was not available,[48] and two of Haiti's largest cellular telephone providers, Digicel[58] and Comcel Haiti,[59] both reported that their services had been affected by the earthquake. A man carrying a child suffering from cholera to a treatment centre in Mirebalais, Haiti, June 2011. The data shows that some crucial sectors face particularly large funding gaps. "[265] The Interim Haiti Recovery Commission, led by former US President Bill Clinton and Haitian Prime Minister Jean-Max Bellerive, had been set up to facilitate the flow of funds toward reconstruction projects in April 2010, but as of January 2011, no major reconstruction had started. Préval’s term in office was set to end the following year. Cap-Haïtien, other towns in the north of Haiti and the Dominican Republic, and the Sans-Souci Palace were destroyed during an earthquake on 7 May 1842. "[208] By 9 March 2010, all but Silsby were deported and she remained incarcerated. [135] Facebook was overwhelmed by—and blocked—some users who were sending messages about updates. As a result, a mobile translation program to translate between English and Haitian Creole had to be written quickly. The earthquake hit at 4:53 pm some 15 miles (25 km) southwest of the Haitian capital of Port-au-Prince. [35] However, a study published in May 2010 suggested that the rupture process may have involved slip on multiple blind thrust faults with only minor, deep, lateral slip along or near the main Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone, suggesting that the event only partially relieved centuries of accumulated left-lateral strain on a small part of the plate-boundary system. Occurring at a depth of 8.1 miles (13 km), the temblor was fairly shallow, which increased the degree of shaking at the Earth’s surface. [40] An article published in Haiti's Le Matin newspaper in September 2008 cited comments by geologist Patrick Charles to the effect that there was a high risk of major seismic activity in Port-au-Prince. [213], US President Barack Obama announced that former presidents Bill Clinton, who also acts as the UN special envoy to Haiti, and George W. Bush would coordinate efforts to raise funds for Haiti's recovery. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. It is beyond comprehension. [163] In a 19 January press release MSF said, "It is like working in a war situation. 7. January 12, 4:53 pm. The January 12, 2010, M 7.0 Haiti earthquake occurred as the result of shallow strike-slip faulting in the boundary region separating the Caribbean plate and the North America plate. Brazil announced R$375 million for long-term recovery aid, R$25 million of which in immediate funds. By 2014 the number of camps had been more than halved, though some 100,000 people remained without permanent housing. [124] A 50-member Chinese team arrived early Thursday morning. The shocks were felt throughout Haiti and the Dominican Republic as well as in parts of nearby Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. On Jan. 12, 2010, a powerful 7.0 magnitude earthquake rocked Haiti. [120], Many countries responded to the appeals and launched fund-raising efforts, as well as sending search and rescue teams. [150], Rescue efforts began in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, with able-bodied survivors extricating the living and the dead from the rubble of the many buildings that had collapsed. The unreleased report, which compiled its figures from a door-to-door survey, was done by a Washington consulting firm, LTL Strategies. The European Union promised €330 million for emergency and long-term aid. [168], Brazilian Foreign Minister Celso Amorim and French Minister of State for Cooperation Alain Joyandet criticised the perceived preferential treatment for US aid arriving at the airport. Haiti Marks 10-Year Anniversary Of Devastating 2010 Earthquake Billions of dollars poured into Haiti after the 2010 earthquake, giving the economy a … You have to understand that the situation is true madness, and the more time passes, there are more and more bodies, in numbers that cannot be grasped. Numerous other claims did not hold up under investigation. Numerous government structures were heavily damaged or destroyed, including the presidential palace, parliament building and main prison. [237], Prime Minister Bellerive announced that from 20 January, people would be helped to relocate outside the zone of devastation, to areas where they may be able to rely on relatives or better fend for themselves; people who have been made homeless would be relocated to the makeshift camps created by residents within the city, where a more focused delivery of aid and sanitation could be achieved. As rescues tailed off, supplies, medical care and sanitation became priorities. After the process for the adoption of 400 children by families in the US and the Netherlands was expedited,[145] Unicef and SOS Children urged an immediate halt to adoptions from Haiti. [206] However, as late as 8 February 2010, survivors were still being discovered, as in the case of Evan Muncie, 28, found in the rubble of a grocery store. [10] Death toll estimates range from 100,000[4] to about 160,000[6] to Haitian government figures from 220,000[11][12] to 316,000,[4] although these latter figures are a matter of some dispute. [167] The airport staff was strengthened in order to support 100 landings a day, compared to the 35 a day that the airport gets during normal operation. [255], In October 2010, Refugees International characterized the aid agencies as dysfunctional and inexperienced saying,"The people of Haiti are still living in a state of emergency, with a humanitarian response that appears paralyzed". The strike-slip fault system in the region has two branches in Haiti, the Septentrional-Oriente fault in the north and the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault in the south; both its location and focal mechanism suggested that the January 2010 quake was caused by a rupture of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault, which had been locked for 250 years, gathering stress. A remake of the song "Wavin' Flag" by Somalian-Canadian singer K’naan became a charity single in Canada, reaching number 1 on the "Canadian Hot 100" chart. A 2016 report by the organization Doctors Without Borders claimed that cases of cholera had likely been significantly underreported. [91][92], Towns in the eastern Dominican Republic began preparing for tens of thousands of refugees, and by 16 January hospitals close to the border had been filled to capacity with Haitians. Dimitry Elias Léger limited access to clean water and proper sanitation % of the country primary. 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