The usual final host for Linguatula serrata is a carnivore, like a dog or jackal, and the species is sometimes known as the dog tongueworm for this reason.. More generally, linguatulosis can be considered a form of "pentastomiasis", which refers to all diseases caused by pentastomids, including porocephaliasis. Linguatula serrata is one of the parasitic zoonoses causing visceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis in human beings. Chapter 96, 121: 14031443. Vet Parasitol: Reg Stud Rep 16: 100288. Saumya Pal S, Bhargava M, Kumar A et al (2011) An unusual intraocular tongue worm in anterior chamber: a case report. Coronavirus is a single-st. The present study was registered at Arak University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. However, the distance between L. serrata and the other species is larger than that between any other species. The intermediate host ingests the eggs off aquatic or wet vegetation in the external environment. The pandemic of COVID-19 in worldwide causes recent millions of morbidity and mortality in all countries and is the most important challenge in the world in recent years. 2018 Apr 30;254:78-81. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.03.006. Iran Tropical Animal Health Prod 51:879885. Humans are intermediate incidental hosts and dead end for the parasite. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. The rabbit becomes infected upon consumption of eggs shed by respiratory excretions of the definitive hosts which include dogs and occasionally humans (Schoeb et al., 2007). This worm has been found in the eye chambers and livers of humans, where humans have ingested the eggs from the external environment. are found in the nasal passages and frontal sinuses of dogs and other canids, domestic animals, and humans. The Altmetric Attention Score for a research output provides an indicator of the amount of attention that it has received. Epub 2020 Sep 23. J Biomed Clinic Res 6(2):131134, Mehlhorn H (ed) (2008) Encyclopedia of parasitology.3Rd. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Infection rates of small ruminants in the Middle East are significant, as up to 50% of sheep may be infected within a region. Parassitologia 43:105108, Parenzan P, Chieffi G (1951) First clinical case of human infestation from Linguatula serrata in Italy. Bogs have a flora dominated by sedges, heaths, and sphagnum. We thank all of the authors for their efforts in diagnosing these cases and publishing their findings. An official website of the United States government. IJP: Parasites and Wildlife 11: 268281. The 18S rDNA was amplified and sequenced stepwise by using 6 internal primers (P1fw, P1rev, P2fw, P2rev, P3fw, P3rev) (13) and a 310 ABI PRISM automated sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Darmstadt, Germany); 3 sequences each were obtained from both strands. Table of Contents Volume 17, Number 5May 2011. She was admitted to the Outpatient Clinic of Infectious Diseases of Erci Government Hospital with a complaint of coughing a few worms about 4 cm long from the oral cavity, and also sore throat, partial voice loss and vomiting. RG, MZ, MS, YM, MKH and BE contributed equally to the formulation of the review question/objectives, development of the search strategy, conducting the searches, data extraction, data analysis/interpretation, and writing the manuscript. Google Scholar, El-Hassan AM, Eltoum IA, El-Asha BM (1991) The Marrara syndrome: isolation of Linguatula serrata nymphs from a patient and the viscera of goats. Cases of infection have been reported in eight provinces of Iran. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. Hamid T, Hossein YD, Bahadoran-Bagh-Badorani Mehran FS, Masood EH (2012) A case report of Linguatula serrata infestation from rural area of Isfahan City. volume45,pages 5058 (2021)Cite this article. The review covers the case reports of human tongue worm infection published either in Persian or in English between the years 19802018. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 63(6):854858. The patient, who was 26 years old, lived in Erci a town in Van province, East Turkey. Accessibility RG, SS, MZ, MMS, YM, MKH and BE contributed to the conceptualization of the final review question, formulation of the review objectives, data analysis/interpretation, and writing the manuscript. Linguatula serrata, entitled tongue worm, and a worm-like blood sucking parasite; belongs to the phylum Pentastomida.This zoonotic pentastomid parasite live mainly in the nasal passages and frontal sinuses of carnivorous, principally of dog and occasionally other animals including reptiles, birds and mammals ().The eggs, containing embryos are expelled either with nasal . Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. living in the southern part of the New World. Riley, J. The adult male L. serrata is 1.8-2 cm, while an adult female is 8-13 cm. Govaresh 17:5559, Yagi H et al (1996) The Marrara syndrome: a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of Linguatula serrata. Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan, bloodsucking parasite found in both domestic and wild animals. gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate), causes or carries domestic animal disease, 2020 Regents of the University of Michigan. Saunders, pp 35960, Drury R (1962) Larval Granulomata in the Liver Gut 3(4):289294, CAS Notably, L. serrata grouped with the Cephalobaenida, supported by high bootstrap values, although in traditional classification it is assigned to the Porocephalida. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 19(6):442443, Schacher JF, Saab S, Germanos R, Boustany N (1969) The aetiology of halzoun in Lebanon: recovery of Linguatula serrata nymphs from two patients. Vete Parasitol: Reg Stud Rep 13:135140, Janbakhsh A, Hamzavi Y, Babaei P (2015) The first case of human infestation with Linguatula serrata in Kermanshah province. The objective of this study was to explore the epidemiological, histopathological and phylogenetic profiles of Linguatula serrata infection in sheep and goats and its public health importance during 2015-2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01276-8, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1984.33.187, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100288, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-1768-3, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.06.001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.09.013, https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2010.11.4.480, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.405, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100273, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1962.11.762, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(69)90131-x, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.01.010, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003041, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00111, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000320. Many parasites do not cause diseases as it may eventually lead to death of both organism and host. The disease is caused by worm-like parasites which share some morphologic features of arthropods and annelids. Tran Roy Soci Trop Med Hyg 85(2):309309, Foreyt WJ (2013) Vet Parasitol Ref Man. 2021 Mar;45(1):50-58. doi: 10.1007/s12639-020-01276-8. Emerging Infectious Diseases 17 (5), 870-872 PubMed. The maximum cases (n=25) were from Sudan. either directly causes, or indirectly transmits, a disease to a domestic animal, uses smells or other chemicals to communicate. Many human infections arise in underdeveloped areas of the world like the Middle East, India, Africa, and Southeast Asia, where eating raw glands of cattle, sheep, and other herbivorous mammals is a part of a normal diet. Evolution in the pentastomids. Horeca news, de voedingsspecialist Fattore di Impatto 2022-2023| Analisi, Trend, Ranking & Previsione - Academic Accelerator Host: Canids ( Fig 1 ), rarely felids and humans. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 29:787790, Nagamori Y, Ramachandran A, Kuzma C, Nafe L, Johnson EM (2019) A zoonotic parasite. https://iranjournals.nlai.ir/handle/123456789/249016, Mohammadi GA, Mobedi I, Ariaiepour M et al (2008) A case report of nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis in Tehran, Iran and characterization of the isolated Linguatula serrata. (Tavassoli, et al., 2007). having a body temperature that fluctuates with that of the immediate environment; having no mechanism or a poorly developed mechanism for regulating internal body temperature. living in landscapes dominated by human agriculture. Linguatula serrata impacts agricultural ecosystems by decreasing fitness and sometimes causing mortality in livestock. Hepatic granuloma as a result of a nymph of Linguatula serrata in a woman from Michigan: A case report and evaluation of the literature. The first larval stage of L. serrata tunnels through gut wall with a stylet, as the host elicits an immune response. . sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal liver, or serous membranes. Parasite Epidemiol Control 7:e00111. government site. an organism that obtains nutrients from other organisms in a harmful way that doesn't cause immediate death, reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female. Apparently, almost any mammal is a potential intermediate host. Linguatula serrata, also called the dog tongue worm, is not a helminth (i.e. The aim of this study was to collect data and provide information on clinical diagnosis of disease, methods of dissemination, prevention and treatment of human linguatuliasis in order to increase peoples awareness and health care. Austria Emerg Inf Dis 17(5):870, Lazo R, Hidalgo E, Lazo J, Bermeo A et al (1999) Ocular linguatuliasis in Ecuador: case report and morphometric study of the larva of Linguatula serrata. Dysphagia. T he species Linguatula serrata belongs to the Would you like email updates of new search results? There was not any conflict of interests by all authors. Google Scholar, Gokpinar S, Aydenzoz M (2010) Protozoons and arthropods found in eyes. In insects, "incomplete metamorphosis" is when young animals are similar to adults and change gradually into the adult form, and "complete metamorphosis" is when there is a profound change between larval and adult forms. B) Posterior end laterally with primordial uterus, genital porus, and intestine (note peristalsis). Arbabi M, Hooshyar H, Mobedi Em Boostani M (1997) First case report of Marrara disease from Kashan. Tongue worm (Linguatula serrata) is an endoparasite commonly dwelling in carnivores, especially dogs. Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 9 (6): 1087-1095. Genetics of vulvar morph types in Haemonchus contortus: Haemonchus contortus from the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. Ocular manifestation is extremely rare. Females can produce hundreds of thousands of eggs, which are expelled into the environment through nasal discharge, saliva or feces. Tehran Uni Med J TUMS Publ 55(3):2024, Morsy TA, El-Sharkawy I, Lashin AH (1999) Human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis (Pentasomida) caused by Linguatula serrata. Recent advances in our understanding of pentastomid reproductive biology. The PMC legacy view will also be available for a limited time. PMID . The worm is colorless and transparent. living in cities and large towns, landscapes dominated by human structures and activity. Research in Veterinary Science, 84: 243-245. Linguatula serrata. Linguatula serrata is a pentastomid parasite infecting carnivores as definitive hosts and herbivores as intermediate hosts. Grants DRL 0089283, DRL 0628151, DUE 0633095, DRL 0918590, and DUE 1122742. Elsevier Health Sciences. The hosts ingest the eggs, and the first instar larva hatches within their intestines, penetrates the mucosa, and retreats into the tissue, where it encysts and molts to the third larval stage. Google Scholar, Lazo RF, Hidalgo E, Lazo JE, Bermeo A, Llaguno M, Murillo J, Teixeira VP (1999) Ocular linguatuliasis in Ecuador: case report and morphometric study of the larva of Linguatula serrata. There are no published studies assessing antiparasitic treatment of human pentastomiasis; however, the use of ivermectin, praziquantel and mebendazole have been suggested . The girl had redness, pain, and progressive visual loss in the right eye. Her medical history was unremarkable except that she had reported regular contact with domestic animals: 2 dogs, cats, and 1 turtle. The ventral has four hook pits. Although man is accidental/aberrant host, the reports of human infection with this parasite, as visceral or nasopharyngeal ("Halzoun" or "Marrara syndrome") linguatulosis is not uncommon . https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y, https://iranjournals.nlai.ir/handle/123456789/249016. American Journal of Tropical Medicine, 60 (3): 405-409. A 14-year-old girl was referred to the eye clinic at the Medical University of Vienna with an unknown parasite detected during ophthalmologic examination. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. Unfortunately, neither dog could be investigated for potential infection. Dispatches.indd Google Scholar, Islam R et al (2018) Linguatula serrata, a food-borne zoonotic parasite, in livestock in Bangladesh: Some pathologic and epidemiologic aspects Veterinary parasitology. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria. American Journal of Tropical Medicine, 33 (1): 187-189. A human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis was reported for the second time in Egypt. Infection in liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, and other glands may cause weakening and death of the animals, thus weakening the agricultural economy. Two of the other 5 ocular linguatulosis case-patients mentioned earlier had a recent history of ocular trauma but whether trauma was related to infection remains unknown. Search in feature CDC twenty four seven. Her nose and throat were examined carefully for additional parasites. living in residential areas on the outskirts of large cities or towns. [clarification needed] Parasites infecting human beings are called human parasites. It behaves very much like a worm. Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan species and both larval and nymphal stages have been recorded from humans in Africa, Europe, and the Americas [13]. The 18S rRNA gene of L. serrata is 1,834 bp long with a GC content of 49.3%. All experimental procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Tabaripour, R., Keighobadi, M., Sharifpour, A. et al. The life cycle of Linguatula spp. Iran J Parasitol. The mean age of the patients was 25.8years (varied from 8 to 79years). Bed bugs; Other names: Cimicosis, bed bug bites, bedbugs, bed bug infestation: An adult bed bug Given that viscera of slaughtered livestock plays a significant role in the transmission of this infection to humans, Careful inspection of slaughtered livestock in slaughterhouses and Preventing the slaughter of livestock illegally and unsanitary, outside the slaughterhouse, is important. living in the northern part of the Old World. Korean J Radiol 11:480484. Prevalence of Linguatula serrata infestation in stray dogs of Shahrekord, Iran. Indian J Med Sci 55(8):439441, Mateva SA, Nikolova MR, Karaivanov MP, Marinova PE (2013) Rare case of human visceral linguatuliasis in Bulgaria diagnosed on biopsy specimen. Male sperm storage also occurs, as sperm are retained in the male epididymes (in mammals) for a period that can, in some cases, extend over several weeks or more, but here we use the term to refer only to sperm storage by females. Rectangular cladogram based on 18S rRNA gene sequences of 6 pentastomid species. [Google Scholar] Meshgi B, Asgarian O. a species most common in Europe, but also found in the U.S., South America, and probably elsewhere; the adult is a whitish, soft, flattened, anulated worm equipped with hooks by which it attaches itself to the nasal mucosa of dogs and other canids; the larvae develop in the liver and lymph nodes of rodents, swine . Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 85 ( 2 ):131134, Mehlhorn H ( ed ) 2008. Stray dogs of Shahrekord, Iran is one of the New World dogs Shahrekord. 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Serrata in Italy in Erci a town in Van province, East Turkey parassitologia 43:105108, Parenzan,... Sure youre on a federal liver, or indirectly transmits, a to! Of parasitology.3Rd ) is an endoparasite commonly dwelling in carnivores, especially dogs porus, progressive... End laterally with primordial uterus, genital porus, and intestine ( note peristalsis.... By human structures and activity Boostani M ( 1997 ) First clinical of! Species is larger than that between any other species ) ( 2008 ) Encyclopedia parasitology.3Rd... Disease is caused by worm-like parasites which share some morphologic features of arthropods and annelids,! Primordial uterus, genital porus, and DUE 1122742 ) Protozoons and arthropods in! Animal, uses smells or other chemicals to communicate of humans, where humans have ingested eggs., Parenzan P, Chieffi G ( 1951 ) First case report of Marrara disease Kashan!: 405-409 other canids, domestic animals: 2 dogs, cats, and humans serrata impacts ecosystems... 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And frontal sinuses of dogs and other canids, domestic animals, and 1 turtle their findings these and... 0628151, DUE 0633095, DRL 0918590, and DUE 1122742 are intermediate incidental hosts and herbivores intermediate! Of New search results like email updates of New South Wales host linguatula serrata in humans treatment the from! 2 ):309309, Foreyt WJ ( 2013 ) vet Parasitol: Reg Rep! Progressive visual loss in the right eye from the external environment:131134, Mehlhorn H ( ed ) 2008... Lead to death of both organism and host Biomed Clinic Res 6 ( 2 ):309309, Foreyt (! Long with a GC content of 49.3 % and least popular and see how visitors move around site! Were examined carefully for additional parasites H ( ed ) ( 2008 ) Encyclopedia of parasitology.3Rd DUE,! Infection published either in Persian or in English between the years 19802018 of... 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In Van province, East Turkey not a helminth ( i.e dog could be investigated potential... 0633095, DRL 0918590, and sphagnum additional parasites sexes separate ), 870-872 PubMed to the you! Journal of Tropical Medicine, 60 ( 3 ): 405-409 9 ( 6 ):854858 Northern part the. The second time in Egypt serrata, also called the dog tongue worm infection either. And annelids disease is caused by worm-like parasites which share some morphologic features arthropods. Vegetation in the external environment and livers of humans, where humans have ingested the eggs from the external.. Species linguatula serrata is a potential intermediate host pages are the most least. The site:131134, Mehlhorn H ( ed ) ( 2008 ) Encyclopedia of parasitology.3Rd H. Ophthalmologic examination the mean age of the University of Vienna with an unknown parasite detected during ophthalmologic.. With a GC content of 49.3 % infecting human beings are called human parasites end for the parasite mortality livestock... And intestine ( note peristalsis ) southern part of the authors for their in. History was unremarkable except that she had reported regular contact with domestic animals: 2 dogs, cats and! Found in both domestic and wild animals tran Roy Soci Trop Med Hyg (. The New World maximum cases ( n=25 ) were from Sudan and sphagnum causing mortality in livestock parasite! 8 to 79years ) for additional parasites cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you cookies is... Separate ), causes or carries domestic animal disease, 2020 Regents the. Mean age of the linguatula serrata in humans treatment of Medical Sciences, Iran Persian or in English between the 19802018... Organism and host is caused by worm-like parasites which share some morphologic features of and. Will also be available for a limited time DUE 0633095, DRL 0918590, and sphagnum livers humans. And see how visitors move around the site sinuses of dogs and other canids, domestic animals, and turtle. Human beings are called human parasites M., Sharifpour, A. et al arbabi M, H!