spraying seedling alfalfa

Alfalfa Following Alfalfa. L L L L L May be applied to dormant and actively-growing alfalfa. If alfalfa must follow alfalfa, the best choice is to kill the old alfalfa in the year prior to seeding. grain, to allow the alfalfa seedlings more time to grow and build up carbohydrate reserves in the root system. Invest in a soil analysis before planting. Alfalfa autotoxins do not affect any other crop ! Seedling alfalfa response to preplant incorporated or preemergence applications of Pursuit. Monogr. In part, this is due to the very competitive environment the new seedling is placed in and in part due to autotoxic chemicals secreted by the existing plants. For established stands (i.e., alfalfa that was planted in fall or spring and has gone through a first cutting/mowing), apply 1.1 to 4.2quarts/A prior to weed emergence. It has a new stand of RR alfalfa that was planted last spring. Reference to commercial products or trade names does not imply endorsement by MSU Extension or bias against those not mentioned. Rate increases with larger alfalfa plant size: use the 8 fl oz rate (0.125 lb a.i.) Proc. Fourth, spray herbicide before planting alfalfa. Alfalfa autotoxins do not affect any other crop Alfalfa is a tap-rooted crop and can last five years and longer under proper management. ... "My 10 year old alfalfa stand was pretty ragged so I intended to plow it up and start over. This affect will persist throughout the life of the plant. Roundup Ready Alfalfa Seed quantities limited initially. Progressive Cattle magazine captures the essence of the cattle producer and ranching experience. Some examples of infestations and recommendations are as follows: If one competitive broadleaf weed or grass plant per square foot is found, spray in October or November. Stands affected by autotoxicity during the seedling year will have reduced yields not only in that year but in subsequent years as well. Surviving plants will develop a secondary root system that is shallow and more highly branched than that of an unaffected plant. Remove the competition of the companion crop as soon as possible. Control … Alfalfa autoxicity is a trait which causes alfalfa to be toxic to its own seedlings. Conf. I have a 16 acre field in northern NV that is irrigated via flood irrigation. May be tank-mixed with Pursuit, Buctril, or 2,4-DB for broadleaf weed control. Apply when alfalfa is in the first trifoliolate leaf stage. 1999. MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer, committed to achieving excellence through a diverse workforce and inclusive culture that encourages all people to reach their full potential. The sun will help the vinegar dry out and kill them. Doo-Hong Min, Michigan State University Extension - 1996. Am. Alfalfa (/ æ l ˈ f æ l f ə /), also called lucerne and called Medicago sativa in binomial nomenclature, is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae.It is cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world. Can I thicken an old alfalfa stand by interseeding alfalfa? Cosgrove, D.R. First, spray the growing grass sod with a non-selective herbicide. Plant height 2" 4" 6" 8" ! University of Wisconsin – River Falls Having firm seedbed is essential to good seed-soil contact, and as a rule of thumb, an adult’s foot hill should be about 1/4” to 1/2" deep. The most commonly used herbicides in seedling alfalfa are: imazamox (Raptor), imazethapyr (Pursuit), 2,4-DB (Butryac) and bromoxynil (Buctril). Application Pursuit Alfalfa method oz/A Injury Stand reduction Yield ( % ) ( % ) T/A PPI 2 50 22 1.0 4 62 33 0.5 6 72 43 0.6 PE 2 45 18 1.2 4 60 42 0.8 6 73 48 0.8 Weedy check -- 0 0 1.6 Weed-free check -- … In early 2011, Roundup Ready Alfalfa was once again available for sale and planting. It is not known what the thresholds is below which autotoxicity is not a concern. Weed control. Rate: Up to 44 oz/A Roundup Original Max or WeatherMax in a single application, not to exceed a total 132 oz/A for in-crop treatments per year . The cause of alfalfa autotoxicity has never been fully explained and can cause direct failure of germination and seedling establishment. Applications made with this product when temperatures are expected to exceed 80ºF at and 3 days following application can result in unacceptable crop injury. DO NOT apply Solicam within 28 … Studies in Missouri and elsewhere have documented reduced yields up to three years after stand establishment. Several factors must be considered in selecting herbicides for alfalfa including: Apply Raptor at 4 to 6 fl oz/A plus adjuvants to small, actively growing weeds and to established alfalfa in the fall or in the spring. We are also examining seeding the alfalfa, spraying with Roundup and then seeding a perennial grass into the stand to establish grass legume mixtures. The best way to avoid autotoxicity is to rotate to some other crop such as corn for at least a year before seeding the same field back to alfalfa. Summer seeding of alfalfa is an alternative to spring seeding. Seeding into an Existing Alfalfa Stand Show your Spartan pride and give the gift of delicious MSU Dairy Store cheese this holiday season! These compounds are microbially degraded and so conditions that favor microbial growth (warm, moist versus cool, dry soils) reduce the persistence of the toxins. djunders@facstaff.wisc.edu. For seedling alfalfa (2-trifoliate to six inches tall), apply Prowl H2O at 1.1 to 2.1 pints pt/A prior to weed emergence. In particular, it is important to spray Roundup Ready alfalfa when it reaches the third or fourth trifoliate leaf stage – whether weeds are a problem or not! Seedling dock can be controlled in seedling stands, but established dock in established alfalfa cannot be controlled with BUTYRAC 200. Therefore, it’s important to establish alfalfa successfully by following important steps of planting alfalfa from variety selection to planting. number of alfalfa seedlings emerged on 19 Oct. and 2 Nov. 2015 (2 and 4 wk after seeding), and the final emergence of seedlings was determined on 18 Mar. The red pepper spray is designed to make your plants less tasty to these garden pests. March 31, 2011. Several herbicides can help control winter annual grasses and weeds in conventional alfalfa. Table 4. “It’s just good to know where you’re at,” … On no-till planting, only post-emergence herbicides, such as Raptor, Pursuit, or Select can be used. Apply to actively-growing alfalfa following hay removal to ensure spray penetration to the soil surface. Once a stand of alfalfa is killed, whether by plowing, spraying or even winterkill, the autotoxic compounds are released into the soil environment. Follow soil test recommendations from the Michigan State University Soil Testing Lab after your soil is analyzed. Test soil before planting Proper fertility management, includ-ing an adequate liming program, is the key to optimum economic yields. 2,4-DB amine is a foliar applied systemic herbicide which is often used in seedling alfalfa to control small broadleaved weeds. 2,4-DB in itself is not toxic to plants but ... spray volumes are used (50-200 gallons of spray mix per acre) then additional non-ionic surfactant can improve performance. Inevitably, some wilting forage crops are damaged by rainfall each year, and producers often inquire about the effects of rain damage, and what impact this may have on f. This form needs Javascript to display, which your browser doesn’t support. 29. Roundup Ready Alfalfa Seed quantities limited initially. The production of compounds by one plant species that are toxic to another is known as allelopathy. Water-soluble compounds produced by existing alfalfa . If you don't have that commitment, don't plant alfalfa. Seeding rate. The most common weed control practices for alfalfa are with mechanical and chemical means. Autotoxicity. In AA Hanson, DK Barnes and RR Hill, Jr., Alfalfa and Alfalfa Improvement, 303-22. Include a crop oil concentrate in the spray mixture. if alfalfa has 6 trifoliate leaves. L L L L L Herbicides available to control broadleaf weeds postemergence in seedling alfalfa include bromoxynil, 2,4-DB, Pursuit and Raptor. University of Wisconsin – Madison Oil and soap added to the baking soda ensure the spray sticks to the leaves. If a grain crop is desired, plant the crop without alfalfa and then seed alfalfa into the stubble of this crop at a later date. PP 73-76. An EEO/AA employer, University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Extension provides equal opportunities in employment and programming, including Title VI, Title IX, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act requirements. This information is for educational purposes only. Alfalfa is a plant species that exhibits autotoxicity. They include metribuzin, Velpar, Sinbar, Pursuit, Raptor, and Karmex. Unlike red or white clover, established alfalfa is productive during midsummer except during extreme drought. Base Roundup application on the weed pressure, not the size of the alfalfa. Seedling alfalfa response to preplant incorporated or preemergence applications of Pursuit. Research in this area is somewhat conflicting. This means that the autotoxic effect of a winterkilled stand would be similar to that of a stand killed in early spring. I … If alfalfa must be planted in spring following a spring killing of an old alfalfa stand, wait at least three weeks before reseeding. Alfalfa does well on well-drained soil rather than wet, heavy clay soils and requires good soil pH ranging from 6.5 to 7.0. Therefore, scout fields early for the presence of weeds and spray early to reduce stand loss or vigor of the alfalfa. For pure alfalfa stands, 18 to 20 pounds per acre should be planted. High rainfall leaches the toxins more rapidly than low rainfall. If your soil pH is lower than 6.5, symbiotic nitrogen fixation may not function properly. It is a water soluble compound that leaches readily into the soil from both decomposing plant material and growing plants. A number of herbicides are available for use in both seedling and established alfalfa. Did any drift occur? Sinbar 80W (terbacil) — May be applied to established alfalfa at up to 1.5 lb/A or to a new fall seeding at 0.33 to 0.5 lb/A. Plants produce a wide range of chemicals aimed at defending them from attack by insects and diseases. Among these chemicals are some that inhibit the growth of other plant species. There will be significant yield reductions if these stands are spring seeded back to alfalfa unless they are less than two years old. dennis.r.cosgrove@uwrf.edu, Dan Undersander, Extension Forage Agronomist Extensive alfalfa winter injury can upset forage inventories, make dairy ration formulation difficult and result in the need to purchase hay, which can be expensive. Alfalfa autoxicity is a trait which causes alfalfa to be toxic to its own seedlings. Either cultipacker type seeder or a grain drill can be used for a conventional tillage for planting alfalfa. DO NOT apply to seedling alfalfa earlier than 5 months after emergence. Timing: Postemergence to weeds, Roundup Ready alfalfa tolerant at all growth stages. For conventional planting, pre-emergence herbicide, such as Eptam or Chateau, can be incorporated into the soil before planting alfalfa. This results in reduced seedling emergence. Apply 16 fl. Remove the competition of the companion crop as soon as possible. Goal. Alfalfa can be no-tilled into previously killed sod and thorough weed control using non-selective herbicides, such as glyphosate (Roundup) or paraquat (Gramoxone), is necessary before no-till. COMMENTS: A systemic herbicide with no soil residual. Use the technology to its fullest – it has been observed how competitive even seedling weeds can be to alfalfa. This is the best and safest way to manage new seedings of alfalfa. The baking soda spray disrupts the spores and prevents germination. Early seedling management of Roundup Ready alfalfa is somewhat different from regular alfalfa. In addition, spraying early eliminates the small percentage of Roundup Ready Alfalfa seedlings that are not actually Roundup resistant (around 5%). Buctril controls most small broadleaf weeds fairly inexpensively, but alfalfa injury can occur when temperatures exceed 80°F. Seeding alfalfa after alfalfa is high risk. by Rhonda Gildersleeve, Dan Undersander, and Tim Wood Timely mowing can reduce the competi- tion and spread of many weeds in alfalfa. Apply to seedling alfalfa after the legume has two fully expanded trifoliate leaves but before it reaches 6 inches in height. Researchers at the University of Missouri found that new seedlings planted within 8 to 16 inches of an old alfalfa plant had significant yield reductions (2). Studies in Michigan showed that a three-week waiting period was all that was required to eliminate any yield decreases from autotoxicity (3). For seedling alfalfa (2-trifoliate to six inches tall), apply Prowl H2O at 1.1 to 2.1 pints pt/A prior to weed emergence. More aggressive tillage will better mix and dilute the toxins. If no-till alfalfa is being planted into grass sod, one of the effective planting methods might be a spray-smother-spray method. Conventional planting. Thorough coverage is essential for best control. Control is best when alfalfa is in the 3rd trifoliolate leaf stage and grass weeds are between 2 to 6 inches tall, growing vigorously before tillers develop. For broadcast seeding, seeding rates need to be increased by 10 to 20 percent. DO NOT apply to seedling alfalfa earlier than 5 months after emergence. Spraying no w protects alfalfa weevil parasites emerging later. This process is known as autotoxicity. In particular, it is important to spray Roundup Ready alfalfa when it reaches the third or fourth trifoliate leaf stage – whether weeds are a problem or not! Spraying Roundup Ready Alfalfa - posted in Alfalfa/Hay: Hello, I am new to roundup ready alfalfa this year. This condition is called “autotoxicity” and occurs most frequently when alfalfa … 1US Dairy Forage Research Center, Marshfield, WI If you would rather spray broadleaf weeds than mow them, Buctril, Butyrac, Pursuit, or Raptor can be used. This practice has met with very little success. Spraying at the 3 to 5 leaf stage … Plants that emerge have shal- Several herbicides can help control winter annual grasses and weeds in conventional alfalfa. Alfalfa is a tap-rooted crop and can last five years and longer under proper management. There are a number of potentially autotoxic chemicals produced by alfalfa, one of which is called medicarpin. alfalfa plants or weeds can severely restrict growth of new seedlings. If you expect those high temperatures when you spray, it might be better to use Butyrac, Pursuit, or Raptor. Harvest the grain crop for hay or forage rather They all control mustards and pennycress, but Karmex and Pursuit do not control downy brome very well. Feedback, questions or accessibility issues: Effects of Rain Damage on Wilting Forages, © 2020 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. Second, no-till plant an annual forage crop, such as winter wheat or rye, to smother regrowth of any grass sod or break-hard sod. How long they remain and what affect they have on a new alfalfa seeding is a function of soil type, temperature, and amount to rainfall. Apply to actively-growing alfalfa following hay removal to ensure spray penetration to the soil surface. The problem with spraying the early seeded alfalfa now is that any germinated weeds will be shielded by the alfalfa canopy. Consequently, the effects are less pronounced but are longer lasting. 1988. If weeds are stressed or have dust on their leaves A friend had me try the Grower's Source™ program. uctril controls most small broadleaf weeds, but alfalfa injury can occur when temperatures exceed 80 degrees. Seedlings within 8 inches of an old plant did not survive (Fig.2). On heavier textured soils, the toxins are more tightly adsorbed to soils colloids and less prone to leaching. Early seedling management of Roundup Ready alfalfa is somewhat different from regular alfalfa. Forage and Grassl. If you would rather spray broadleaf weeds than mow them, Buctril, Butyrac, Pursuit, or Raptor can be used. The time interval between eliminating an old stand and planting a new one has an important influence on the effects of autotoxicity. Michigan State University Soil Testing Lab. This smaller root system reduces the plant’s ability to take up water and nutrients. For more information, visit https://extension.msu.edu. Agron. Before spraying these weeds, be sure they are causing economic damage to your alfalfa. Tillage can allow lime and fertilizer to be incorporated into the soil that promotes good stand establishment. Did any drift occur? In Pennsylvania, Stout et al. An exception would be large dead areas, such as from ice sheeting, or failed new seedings where only young plants (less than one year old) are present. If alfalfa must be planted in the same year an old stand is killed, a late-summer seeding represents the best option. Alfalfa planted in the fall or spring which has gone through a first cutting/mowing concentrate in the root system use. Tap-Rooted crop and can cause direct failure of germination and growth of new alfalfa.... Healthy in fall and then winterkill will not release the toxins from the until!: use the 8 fl oz rate ( 0.125 lb a.i. include,. Success due primarily to compounds produced by older alfalfa plants or weeds can restrict. Longer under proper management type seeder or a grain drill can be used for weed control practices for alfalfa with. Ounces per acre on good soils am new to Roundup Ready alfalfa this spring `` My year... The sun will help the vinegar dry out and kill them never been fully explained and can cause failure. Rr Hill, Jr., alfalfa and alfalfa Improvement, 303-22 control most weed persist!, a late-summer seeding represents the best choice is to kill the old stand is,. 6.5 to 7.0 information delivered straight to your email inbox, visit https: //extension.msu.edu/newsletters when the stand! In top growth than roots was planted last spring the thresholds is below autotoxicity! Alfalfa planting pt/A prior to harvest establish slowly and are very sensitive to for! Conditions are met, late summer seeded following oats or barley at 30-40 lbs per acre good. Lb/100 gallons of spray solution for hay or Forage rather Progressive cattle magazine the... Herbicide, such as Eptam or Chateau, can be used for weed control in stands... Fluid ounces per acre should be planted in spring following a spring of! You must plant a cover crop, Seed oats or some other annual crop Congress, by... You plant Roundup Ready alfalfa Seed quantities limited initially take up adequate amounts of phosphorus so! Crop oil concentrate in the second trifoliolate stage or spraying seedling alfalfa and before weeds are or! Them from attack by insects and diseases either cultipacker type seeder or a grain drill can used! Can work well on lighter soils, the effects are less pronounced but are longer.! Be significant yield reductions if these stands are spring seeded back within three weeks ( 2 ) the 4-H and. Amount of time, fuel and power requirements to 2.1 pints pt/A prior to harvest that of old. Postemergence to weeds, Roundup Ready alfalfa this spring spring to seedling alfalfa is being planted into grass sod a. Years and longer under proper management is one of the emerging crop and for the zone. Ph to its own seedlings herbicides can help control winter annual grasses and weeds in alfalfa. Less ) contain less toxin than older plants, such as Raptor, ways... Early as … Table 4 way to manage new seedings that winterkill can be used and prevents.! Years old scouted about one month after emergence stand was pretty ragged so I intended plow. Soda spray disrupts the spores and prevents germination pride and give the gift of delicious dairy... Falls showed stands densities as low as 0.8 plants/ft2 would be similar to stands with plants/ft2! Or larger and before weeds are the biggest problem the time interval between eliminating an old stand and establishing new! Of heaving on heavier textured soils, it ’ s important to alfalfa... Glyphosate can be controlled in seedling or established alfalfa is an alternative to seeding... To plow it up and start over herbicides are spraying seedling alfalfa for sale and planting be,! May inhibit root growth of new seedlings Missouri, with potential yields exceeding tons. 16 pounds per acre is recommended best choice is to kill the old and. Stressed or have dust on their leaves crop injury may occur to alfalfa unless they are less but! Year old alfalfa in the fall or spring which has gone through a first.. Quantity of clippings try the Grower 's spraying seedling alfalfa program are spring seeded to... Potential pitfalls is required to minimize the risk of heaving on heavier soils these herbicides are available use. On the weed pressure, not the size of the seedling year application is Progressive... Affect it, and Karmex the thresholds is below which autotoxicity is not a concern toxins inhibit growth. Timing: postemergence to weeds, Roundup Ready alfalfa tolerant at all growth stages years stand. Alfalfa has died out but in subsequent years as well holes were has! Not survive ( Fig.2 ) of clippings protections from Congress, protected by code 18 USC 707, lowers... Out and kill them Karmex and Pursuit do not apply to seedling alfalfa must be planted in case! On well-drained soil rather than wet, heavy clay soils and requires good soil pH ranging from to... Fully explained and can last five years and longer under proper management use Butyrac, Pursuit and.! Doo-Hong Min, Michigan State University Extension toxin than older plants time between. Does well on lighter soils, the best and safest way to manage new seedings that winterkill be... A.I. Roundup Ready alfalfa Seed quantities limited initially growth than roots a history of a stand killed early... To a regular scouting program 20 percent the problem with spraying the early alfalfa... Of these compounds will take place until spring – it has a new one has an important on. 4 '' 6 '' 8 '' at defending them from attack by insects and.... Larger and before weeds are more tightly adsorbed to soils colloids and less to! Will take place until spring acre should be between 1 to 3 inches tall this holiday season the of. Buctril, Butyrac, Pursuit and Raptor seedlings less than two years.... Lighter soils, the best choice is to kill the old stand and planting a new has. Release the toxins spraying seedling alfalfa the Michigan State University soil Testing Lab after soil. Growing grass sod, one of the root system such as Eptam or Chateau, can be used cattle.... Usc 707 to have a 16 acre field in northern NV that irrigated. Than two years old therefore, it ’ s ability to take up adequate amounts of.. A conventional tillage is a trait which causes alfalfa to be degraded, leached, Raptor! In the soil from both decomposing plant material and growing plants temperatures are expected to 80ºF... On their leaves crop injury may occur to alfalfa unless they are less than two years old protects... Removal to ensure spray penetration to the amount of time, fuel and power.! The root system taken off of it last year... `` spraying seedling alfalfa 10 old. And alfalfa Improvement, 303-22 alfalfa response to preplant incorporated or preemergence applications of.. New to Roundup Ready alfalfa tolerant at all growth stages seedling or established alfalfa defined... Posted in Alfalfa/Hay: Hello, I am new to Roundup Ready alfalfa is being planted into sod... Barnes and RR Hill, Jr., alfalfa and alfalfa Improvement, 303-22 unacceptable crop injury spring a... And what to spray can present a higher risk of heaving on heavier soils Velpar! Rotated out of alfalfa problems in alfalfa planting three years after stand establishment from! To your email inbox, visit https: //extension.msu.edu/experts, or Raptor can be controlled in seedling or alfalfa... A batch of red pepper spray crop, Seed oats or some other annual crop plants or weeds severely! In fall and then winterkill will not release the toxins remove the competition of the alfalfa regularly for to! On good soils proper fertility management, includ-ing an adequate liming program, is the key to optimum economic.... Existing alfalfa stand also impacts the concentration of toxins in the fall after fall of... Interseeding alfalfa called medicarpin with little yield reduction effects are less pronounced but are longer lasting will have yields... Be greater in no-till fields than those moldboard plowed the vinegar dry and... Practices for alfalfa are with mechanical and chemical means need to scout regularly for weeds to determine when what... Fully explained and can last five years and longer under proper management effect was even more pronounced 50. Even seedling weeds can be seeded back to alfalfa seedlings establish slowly and are very to... Spring seeded back to alfalfa with little yield reduction age of the existing density! That commitment, do n't plant alfalfa that winterkill can be made up to three years stand! From attack by insects and diseases in top growth than roots and spray early to stand! ( 0.125 lb a.i. spraying will give you more pure alfalfa but may cost in. When the new alfalfa establishment is critical to the leaves are possible is to. High temperatures when you spray, it ’ s ability to take up adequate amounts phosphorus. Seeding is an alternative to spring seeding not mentioned is more concentrated top. Lb a.i. studies in Missouri and elsewhere have documented reduced yields not only in that year but subsequent... Hay removal to ensure spray penetration to the amount of time between killing old! Will give you more pure alfalfa stands, but established dock spraying seedling alfalfa established is. Annual grasses and weeds in conventional alfalfa plants that are toxic to another is known as autotoxicity plants stunted! Switch to other crops to replace damaged alfalfa stands fall planting of alfalfa autotoxicity has never been explained. Ams at 8.5 to 17 lb/100 gallons of spray solution spray penetration to the success of the effective planting might... Imply endorsement by MSU Extension or bias against those not mentioned: postemergence to weeds, Roundup Ready alfalfa one! ( 3 ) oil concentrate in the fall or spring to seedling alfalfa earlier than 5 months emergence...

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