On one level, politically, the first generation of African American elected officials, they owe their standing to both the civil rights and voting rights act of '64 and '65. With a focus on racial pride and self-determination, leaders of the Black Power movement argued that civil rights activism did not go far enough. Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute at Stanford University, 10 Things You May Not Know About Rosa Parks, Mapping the Freedom Riders' Journey Against Segregation, How Freedom Rider Diane Nash Risked Her Life to Desegregate the South, These Slain Civil Rights Workers Are Getting the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Edgar Ray Killen, convicted of 1964 'Mississippi Burning' killings, dies at 92. P: (650) 723-2092 | F: (650) 723-2093 | kinginstitute@stanford.edu| Campus Map. In 1964, working with the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee read more, The March on Washington was a massive protest march that occurred in August 1963, when some 250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. Also known as the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the event aimed to draw attention to continuing read more, Martin Luther King Jr. was a social activist and Baptist minister who played a key role in the American civil rights movement from the mid-1950s until his assassination in 1968. True or false: Senators from southern states conducted a filibuster to try to block passage of the Civil Rights Act. Martin Luther King's "I have a dream" speech C. used by American troops to stage attacks on North Vietnam. D. All the answers are correct. The struggle of the black panthers was for the freedom of the blacks and the guarantee of employment for them. Answer link (1) C. it saw American troops inflict enormous casualties on the communists. Kennedy ordered a naval and air blockade around Cuba. Ella Baker, a Civil Rights activist and Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) official, invited some of those young Black activists (including Diane Nash, Marion Barry, John Lewis, and James Bevel) to a meeting at Shaw University in Raleigh, North Carolina in . That just doesnt make any sense at all," Angela Davis said in The Black Power Mixtape. 18. The Civil Rights Movement used non- violence resistance such as bus boycotts, "sit-ins" and marches such as the Montgomery marches. On the first day of the Vietnamese New Year in 1968, communist forces launched a concerted attack that came to be known as the ______, temporarily capturing a few South Vietnamese cities. prompted Congress to pass legislation to end segregation in public accommodations. B. was assassinated by white racists. Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's protest strategies of nonviolence and civil disobedience, in 1942 a group of Black and white students in Chicago founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), helping to launch one of Americas most important civil rights movements. E. by Kennedy and approved during the Johnson administration. As part of the 1964 Freedom Summer voter-registration drive in Mississippi, CORE members James Chaney, Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner (Goodman and Schwemer were white, Chaney was Black) were stopped for speeding on June 21, 1964. After Kennedy's assassination, Lyndon Johnson was able to win support for many of Kennedy's ______ proposals. C. encouraged greater racial assimilation. The Civil Rights Act of 1964, ending segregation in public places nationwide, was passed three years later. A. resulted in Diem's imprisonment and eventual exile. E. a planned rocket bombardment. Learn about Malcolm X, the Nation of Islam, and the Black Panther Party. Ali, like Malcolm X (originally Little) and Louis Farrakhan (originally Louis Eugene Walcott), changed his name to remove his European name, which was likely given to his ancestors by their enslavers. In 1964, Malcolm X again traveled to the Middle East and Africa, and made his Hajj (Islamic pilgrimage) to Mecca in Saudi Arabia. Both in terms of who can attend andthe financial burdens it comes with. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! A. resulted in a U.S. declaration of war on North Vietnam. C. contributed to the greatest reduction in poverty in American history. The Ten-Point Program called for an immediate end to police brutality; employment for African Americans; and land, housing and justice for all. How did the goals of the Black Power movement differ from those of more mainstream civil rights activists? A. association with the civil rights movement. C. military air support. 3. D. Soviet Union launch a missile at an American naval destroyer. Lyndon Johnson was similar to John Kennedy in his, D. Lyndon Johnson receive a larger plurality than any candidate before or since. The Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s. As the violence against the Freedom Rides increased, CORE considered halting the project. was rejected by groups such as SNCC and CORE. (1) George Breitman, 1965. the diplomatic recognition of China. In its first few years, according to Purnell, local CORE chapters were formed in 19 cities, including Baltimore, Chicago, Columbus, Cleveland,Denver, Detroit, Los Angeles and New York, although many didnt last long. 2023 Cond Nast. The Johnson administration's Office of Economic Opportunity "[Dr. King] only made one fallacious assumption: In order for nonviolence to work, your opponent has to have a conscience. B. voting rights. They were dangerous,, Posted 3 years ago. The campaign for African American rightsusually referred to as the civil rights movement or the freedom movementwent forward in the 1940s and '50s in persistent and deliberate . In the 1968 presidential campaign, Richard Nixon called for was a major political defeat for President Lyndon Johnson. A. called for an increased awareness of racial differences. Members of SNCC included prominent future read more, Stokely Carmichael was a U.S. civil-rights activist who in the 1960s originated the Black nationalism rallying slogan, Black power. Born in Trinidad, he immigrated to New York City in 1952. Following the Freedom Rides, CORE concentrated on voter registration and co-sponsored the March on Washington in 1963, where King famously delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech. By the end of the 1960s, being proud of the African heritage dictated that afros and dark skin were desirable. The Black power movement came to be as a result of the work and impact of the civil rights movement, but the Black Panther party, which also strayed from the idea of integration, was an extension of the Black power movement. Teen Vogue may earn a portion of sales from products that are purchased through our site as part of our Affiliate Partnerships with retailers. Direct link to David Alexander's post Yes. Although 35,000 investors flocked to buy five-dollar shares of Black Star Line stock, the shipping firm and the UNIAs other commercial ventures failed. A. implicated local law enforcement officials in the crime. E. Catholics. B. transport black children to formerly all-white schools. Later that year, one of the most visible Black Power demonstrations took place at the Summer Olympics in Mexico City, where Black athletes John Carlos and Tommie Smith raised black-gloved fists in the air on the medal podium. A. invaded the convention hall. alleged attacks by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on American destroyers. Add quotation marks as needed to the following sentence. These often got passed down as African Americans last names. were attacked by police in a bloody riot. E. organized a massive hunger strike which drew worldwide notice. Black Power A philosophy of racial pride that said African Americans should create their own culture, make and support black-owned businesses, and have their own political institutions. The Freedom Rides took place as the Civil Rights movement was gathering momentum, and during a period in which African-Americans were routinely harassed and subjected to segregation in the Jim Crow South, the Times reports. 8. In 1962, President Kennedy introduced legislation that would outlaw which of the following? Teen Vogue covers the latest in celebrity news, politics, fashion, beauty, wellness, lifestyle, and entertainment. Stokely Carmichaels appointment in May 1966 as chair of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) signaled an organizational shift toward exclusive black self-determination in SNCCs approach to civil rights. Why did Clay (er Ali) actually change his name? Stokely Carmichael speaking at a civil rights gathering in Washington, D.C. on April 13, 1970. Merediths March Against Fear was a protest against the fear instilled in Black Americans who attempted to register to vote, and the overall culture of fear that was part of day-to-day life. C. advocated nonviolence to end segregation. D. belonged to the Nation of Islam for a time. 17. Black Panther Party, original name Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, African American revolutionary party, founded in 1966 in Oakland, California, by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. B. improved the lives of whites far more than blacks. George Wallace tried to prevent black students from enrolling in the University of Alabama. resignation of Governor George Wallace. The philosophy of the Black Power movement was that African Americans should take pride in being black and should resist racism by any means. Sign up for the Teen Vogue Take! See full answer below. 12. The Immigration Act of 1965 set a strict limit on the number of immigrants to be admitted to the United States, even as it eliminated the "national origins" system of the 1920s. All of the following was a part of the 1965 civil rights march in Selma, Alabama EXCEPT In January 1966, highly publicized hearings airing criticisms of the war were staged by E. argued in favor of integration. In 1965, Malcolm X D. belonged to the Nation of Islam for a time. In the presidential election of 1960, John F. Kennedy. Legislation to prohibit segregation in all public accommodations was proposed B. Democrats. What is the main reason the Federal Art Project commissioned artists to create murals and posters for their communities? This was encouraged by the Nation of Islam, which was his religious institution of choice by 1964. resulted in more than a hundred major disorders. D. was made before a joint session of Congress and the Senate. The Nation of Islam advocated black self-empowerment and self-reliance, as well as cultural and racial pride. The young persons guide to conquering (and saving) the world. It failed to arouse outrage and sympathy around the country. A. remove American missiles from West Germany. In Vietnam, the American military "attrition" strategy Subsequently, the movement was divided, and in the late 1960s and '70s, the slogan became synonymous with Black militant organizations. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, [Read an excerpt from the Black Panther Party's Ten-Point Program]. In the final paragraph, why does Equiano quote the Bible? King was in support of the Freedom Rides, but didnt participate personally because of the danger involved. D. never resulted in anyone being convicted for the crimes. A. American ground troops. The Panthers eventually developed into a Marxist revolutionary group that called . But to actually get elected in places like Gary, Indiana, in 1967, it required Black power activism to help them build up new Black, urban political machines. D. grew in popularity over the next decade. All had been shot to death. King, Press conference, 24 February 1965, MLKJP-GAMK. The Black Panthers were part of the larger Black. George Wallace tried to prevent black students from enrolling in the University of Alabama. the military strength of North Vietnam. ALL THIS is the backdrop to the era of Black Power--which is revisited in The Black Power Mixtape, a collection. A. alleged attacks by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on American destroyers. both prevented North Vietnam from sufficiently resupplying their soldiers, and led the United States to abandon its air bombardment campaign. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. being shoved back by Mississippi patrolmen during the 220 mile 'March Against Fear' from Memphis, Tennessee to Jackson, Mississippi, Mississippi, on June 8, 1966. Under the terms of the Geneva Conference accords, Vietnam was statements in favor of Israel. Achieving major national influence through the Nation of Islam (NOI) and the Black Powermovement of the 1960s, proponents of black nationalism advocated economic self-sufficiency, race pride for African Americans, and black separatism. CORE founders believed that local chapters' public displays of interracial solidarity and disciplined use of nonviolence would transform America into a truly colorblind democratic society.". D. Senator Robert Kennedy. Stokely Carmichael attacks on corruption in organized labor. not invade Cuba. 10. Speaking at a rally of supporters in Greenwood, Mississippi, on June 16, Carmichael (who had been released from jail that day) began leading the crowd in a chant of We want Black Power! The refrain stood in sharp contrast to many civil rights protests, where demonstrators commonly chanted We want freedom!. Which of the following led to the founding of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee? led to the fall of Saigon to the communists. Changing his last name severed that tie to those people whod abused his ancestors and others. his proclamation, denouncing all rebels who should not return within a limited According to the National Museum of African American History & Culture (NMAAHC), the Black power movement aimed to emphasize Black self-reliance and self-determination more than integration, and supporters of the movement believed African Americans should secure their human rights by creating political and cultural organizations that served their interests. The Black power movement sought to give Black people control of their own lives by empowering them culturally, politically, and economically. The phrase "Black power" quickly caught on as the rallying cry of a younger, more radical generation of civil rights activists. Which of the following did the black power philosophy promote? Please c, ontact Intellectual Properties Management (IPM), the exclusive licensor of the Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr., Inc. at. Malcolm X's fiery rhetoric and charismatic presence gained the Nation of Islam many new adherents in the late 1950s and early 1960s. King and Carmichael renewed their alliance in early 1968, as King was planning his Poor Peoples Campaign, which aimed to bring thousands of protesters to Washington, D.C., to call for an end to poverty. B. also known in the United States as the Viet Cong. The radical philosophy within the civil rights movement known as " ________ " favored racial distinctiveness over assimilation. The term also resonated internationally, becoming a slogan of. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, Black History Records listed by Record Group Clusters, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records. was given during the largest civil rights demonstration in the nation's history to that point. In his 1963 Letter from Birmingham Jail, King described himself as standing between the forces of complacency and the hatred and despair of the black nationalist (King, 90). Muhammads claim that whites wereblue-eyed devilsseeking to oppress blacks made him a controversial figure. for their leader, sent oftentimes to the Governor, beseeching a commission to E. Catholics. Direct link to Liam's post Yes, absolutely there whe, Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to Brennan Pike's post Black Power was part of t, Posted 3 years ago. C. attacks on corruption in organized labor. \color{#c34632}If you really want to know,\color{#c34632} she interrupted, \color{#c34632}ask Sherry.\color{#c34632}.., One of the chief obstacles in John Kennedy's presidential bid in 1960 was his. C. force the desegregation of bus stations. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like One of the chief obstacles in John Kennedy's presidential bid in 1960 was his, In the 1960 presidential election results, In 1961, President John Kennedy saw most of his legislative success in he area of and more. C. mortar attacks on the American embassy in Saigon. D. the resignation of Governor George Wallace. Great Society reforms This movement inspired other movements/sentiments to arise among different communities. association with the civil rights movement. E. was given to commemorate passage of the Voting Rights Act. While African-Americans, in the main, again bore the brunt of the backlash, no single person, group, or institution put civil rights on the national agenda, and no one person, group, or institution saw to it that it stayed on the national agenda. In all three movements, it brought youth activists together. In the early 1960s, the primary membership of SNCC was thank god for everthing the black panthers did but i think there were i little dangerous. Lyndon Johnson was similar to John Kennedy in his In the aftermath of Kings murder, a mass outpouring of grief and anger led to riots in more than 100 U.S. cities. in Virginia," 183318331833, Bacon's Rebellion was initiated by a group of farmers who felt most remove American missiles from West Germany. Direct link to Sean's post Did this movement also in, Posted 7 months ago. Hill, Tolbert, and Forczek, 1985. led the United States to abandon its air bombardment campaign. In 1967, President Lyndon Johnson responded to mounting inflation at home by Thirteen Black and white women and men took part in the original Freedom Ride, heading south from Washington, D.C., including future civil rights leader and U.S. Representative John Lewis. Black Power advocates encouraged blacks to form or join all-black political parties that could provide a formidable power base and offer a foundation for real socioeconomic progress. The murders, according to the King Institute, left many activists disenchanted with the nonviolence methods employed by groups like CORE. invaded the convention hall. He is full of mercy and he is very patient. B. led the United States to abandon its air bombardment campaign. What made the Black power movement different from the civil rights movement of the early 1960s, and frightening to white people, was that it embraced forms of self-defense. When the Warren Commission issued its findings on the assassination of President Kennedy, most Americans did not agree with its conclusions. In 1961, the "freedom rides" sponsored by CORE attempted to A. bring northern civil rights activists into the South to register black voters. Black Panther chapters began operating in a number of cities nationwide, where they advocated a 10-point program of socialist revolution (backed by armed self-defense). What helped contribute to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965? That was the case for the Black power movement, an outgrowth of the civil rights movement that emerged in the 1960s with calls to reject slow-moving integration efforts and embrace self-determination. A. and approved during the Kennedy administration. When we think about its impact on democratic institutions, it's really on multiple levels, Joseph told NPR. Nearly half of African Americans lived outside the South. A polarizing figure, his leadership caused Farmer and other CORE members to leave the group. A. was given during the largest civil rights demonstration in the nation's history to that point. forced significant changes to the party platform. Bella Hadid Just Took the Exposed G-String Trend to the Extreme, Dua Lipa Is Starting 2023 Strong With Daring Style, Bella Ramsey Wore a Corseted Jumpsuit at Paris Fashion Week. D. All the answers are correct. The movement was about self-reliance and self-determination. King,Letter from Birmingham Jail,in Why We Cant Wait, 1964. Thereafter, the focus of campaigns had to move the practical issues related to social and economic deprivation, and the ability to exercise the rights that had been gained. On June 5, 1966, he began his 220-mile trek, equipped with nothing but a helmet and walking stick. the other part. into the wilderness in quest of these Indians, after whom the Governor sent E. None of the answers are correct. Malcolm X, Message to the Grass Roots,in Malcolm X Speaks, ed. Which of the following describes why Johnson escalated military intervention in Vietnam? CORE decided to channel the majority of its energies on the South, the library notes, supporting sit-ins and sending field secretaries to advise activists on nonviolent protest methods. Which of the following statements correctly describe why civil rights struggles moved out of the South during the mid-1960s? In 1968, antiwar protesters at the Democratic convention in Chicago African American abolitionist John S. Rock had coined the phrase "Black Is Beautiful" in 1858, but in the 1960s, it became an important part of efforts within the African American community to raise self-esteem and encourage pride in African ancestry. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Begun as an interracial group advocating nonviolence, it adopted greater militancy late in the decade, reflecting nationwide trends in Black activism. E. led to the formation of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. In events that inspired the 1988 movie Mississippi Burning, it was reported that the men had earlier visited a church that had been burned by the Ku Klux Klan. Compare the major demands of the Ten-Point Program with the goals of civil rights campaigns for voting rights and desegregation. On February 21, 1965, after months of receiving death threats, Malcolm X was assassinated at the Audubon Ballroom in Manhattan by members of the Nation of Islam. E. None of the answers are correct. Taking a leading role in sit-ins, picket lines, the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Freedom Rides and the 1963 March on Washington, the group worked alongside Martin Luther King, Jr. and other civil rights leaders throughout the 1950s and mid-1960s until, in 1966, under new guidance, it turned its focus from civil disobedience to becoming a Black separatist and Black Power organization. A. it began on a Vietnamese holiday. Over 700 mostly white volunteers joined African Americans in Mississippi to fight against voter intimidation and read more, A. Philip Randolph was a labor leader and civil rights activist who founded the nations first major Black labor union, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP) in 1925. (1) They were dangerous, then driven to become more dangerous because they were not listened to. Nell Irvin Painter, Martin R. Delany: Elitism and Black Nationalism,in Black Leaders of the Nineteenth Century, ed. Branch, At Canaan's Edge, 2006. (1) Throughout the Vietnam War, the "Ho Chi Minh Trail" was saw Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev make a veiled threat of war. was similar in design to the Social Security system. Martin Luther King Jr. and the NAACP denounced black power as the proper forward path. Reacting against white racial prejudice and critical of the gap between American democratic ideals and the reality of segregation and discrimination in America, in the 1960s black nationalists criticized the methods of Martin Luther King, Jr., the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and other organizations that sought to reform American society through nonviolent interracial activism. By 1970, Carmichael (who later changed his name to Kwame Ture) had moved to Africa, and SNCC had been supplanted at the forefront of the Black Power movement by more militant groups, such as the Black Panther Party, the US Organization, the Republic of New Africa and others, who saw themselves as the heirs to Malcolm Xs revolutionary philosophy. withdraw American troops from West Berlin. E. violence directed against civil rights workers. The movement called for Black Americans to create their own cultural institutions, take pride in their heritage, and become economically independent. Explain your answer, citing evidence from the text to support your response. In 2020, during Congressman John Lewiss funeral, former president Bill Clinton said, There were two or three years there where the movement went a little too far toward Stokely, but in the end, John Lewis prevailed. By Stokely, he meant the Black power movement. I think Dr. King is a great man, full of compassion. So its impact is really, really profound., Want more from Teen Vogue**? READ MORE: 10 Things You May Not Know About Rosa Parks. One of the chief obstacles in John Kennedy's presidential bid in 1960 was his. B. gave President Lyndon Johnson wide latitude to escalate the conflict. Booked at the county jail and eventually fined, released and escorted by police to the edge of town, they were not seen alive again. After Carmichael uttered the slogan, Black power groups began forming across the country, putting forth different ideas of what the phrase meant. Their bodies were found more than a month later. Challenging racial prejudice in the United States in the 1950s was a daunting undertaking. During the economic depression of the 1930s, Farrad Muhammad, a Detroit peddler, founded another significant organization of black nationalists, the NOI. Black Power began as revolutionary movement in the 1960s and 1970s. (Enter only one word per space and make sure to spell correctly.). Example 1. Chapters of SNCC and CORE both integrated organizations began to reject white membership as Carmichael abandoned peaceful resistance. a) to produce a large number of goods to sell, b) to teach citizens about proper farming techniques, c) to allow artists to earn a paycheck during a difficult time. rural blacks. reinstalling the wartime wage and price controls of the Truman administration. A. was given during the largest civil rights demonstration in the nation's history to that point. What important event occurred in August 1963? D. urban poor. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was founded in 1960 in the wake of student-led sit-ins at segregated lunch counters across the South and became the major channel of student participation in the civil rights movement. The Black Power Movement, espoused by organizations like SNCC and the Black Panther Party, began to advocate and rally in favor of black pride, black liberation, and revolutionary determinism. Carmichael, Toward Black Liberation,Massachusetts Review 7 (Autumn 1966): 639651. The movement drew on Malcolm Xs declarations of Black pride and his understanding that the freedom movement for Black Americans was intertwined with the fight for global human rights and an anti-colonial future. How does this reference to the Bible support his purpose? Founded by activists associated with the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR), an interfaith pacifist organization, the group was influenced greatly by the teachings of Gandhi and, in the early 1940s, worked to integrate Chicago restaurants and businesses using sit-ins and other nonviolent actions, according to the Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute at Stanford University. Because of their view thatAmerican society is so hopelessly corrupt and enmeshed in evil that there is no possibility of salvation from within,King felt black nationalist movements rejectedthe one thing that keeps the fire of revolutions burning: the ever-present flame of hope(King, Where, 44; 46). Nothing happens just by itself or for one reason. The building of the _______ in 1961 heightened East-West tension. Spurred by Rosa Parks, who, in 1955 was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a Montgomery, Alabama bus, CORE supported a boycott of the city's busses, leaving them with low ridership for a year. . C. prompted Congress to pass legislation to end segregation in public accommodations. called for an increased awareness of racial differences. Carmichael, a Trinidad-born New Yorker (later known as Kwame Ture), and who popularized the phrase "Black power, was a key leader of the movement. The Cuban missile crisis ended after President John Kennedy agreed to During his time at Howard University, he joined SNCC and became a Freedom Rider, joining other college students in challenging segregation laws as they traveled through the South. Like King and other civil rights activists before them, the Black Panthers became targets of the FBIs counterintelligence program, or COINTELPRO, which weakened the group considerably by the mid-1970s through such tactics as spying, wiretapping, flimsy criminal charges and even assassination. Direct link to Onlyporshaa's post what does the black panth, Posted 3 years ago. Stay up-to-date with the politics team. Inspired by the principles of racial pride, autonomy and self-determination expressed by Malcolm X (whose assassination in 1965 had brought even more attention to his ideas), as well as liberation movements in Africa, Asia and Latin America, the Black Power movement that flourished in the late 1960s and 70s argued that Black Americans should focus on creating economic, social and political power of their own, rather than seek integration into white-dominated society. Attorney General Robert Kennedy mandated the integration of bus and train stations. After Carmichael uttered the slogan, Black Power Mixtape, a collection Partnerships with retailers told NPR really... Reflecting nationwide trends in Black activism, John F. Kennedy Governor, beseeching a commission to Catholics. Terms of who can attend andthe financial burdens it comes with, was passed years. Politically, and led the United States to abandon its air bombardment campaign, really profound. want... The Nation 's history to that point Power as the proper forward path 5,,. More from teen Vogue * * to block passage of the Nineteenth Century ed. Carmichael uttered the slogan, Black Power movement differ from those of more mainstream rights! The Johnson administration the Senate the largest civil rights demonstration in the University of Alabama proper forward path racial... John F. Kennedy Autumn 1966 ): 639651 States in the crime forming across country... 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Answer, citing evidence from the Black Panthers were part of the Freedom Rides, but didnt personally... C. used by American troops to stage attacks on North Vietnam from sufficiently resupplying their soldiers, and become independent!
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