punctuation inside or outside brackets
For example: It can be tricky to know where to put punctuation in a sentence that includes brackets. Round brackets are basically used to add extra information to a sentence. Like parentheses, brackets function in pairs one bracket opens the text, and the second bracket closes it [like this]. Johnny came too. English Language & Usage Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for linguists, etymologists, and serious English language enthusiasts. Note that sic, as a foreign term, should be italicized, but the brackets containing it should not. Brackets are punctuation marks that go around text. Youll Cherr-ish This Plum List Of Fruits By Type, A List Of Flowers To Make Your Floral Vocabulary Bloom. Thus placed, the reference does not distract the attention of the reader as it would elsewhere. We often have our hands full dealing with just a single colon, semicolon, orheaven forbida comma. @Mitch: I have only the above comment. When using parentheses, punctuation marks can be placed inside or outside depending on specific rules. The enclosing sentence (outside the brackets) also gets a full stop. 
Comma: He wrote, I found a cherry pie, which seems to suggest he ate it. When a quotation ends a sentence and the parenthetical citation is at the end, the period should come after the citation. WebIn a sentence containing a parenthetical expression, any punctuation belonging to the main sentence goes outside the parentheses. If a quote ends in the middle of a sentence, we typically put a comma rather than a period at the end of the quote inside the quotation marks. WebWhen parenthetical content occurs in the middle of a larger sentence, the surrounding punctuation should be placed outside the parentheses, exactly as it would be if the parenthetical content were not there. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Dashes: I will make the argumentthe prosecutor cleared her throatthat the theft was planned from the very beginning.. Patricks Day Or St. WebAn alternative approach is to note the emphasis outside the quotation, in parentheses, either as a separate sentence immediately after the sentence containing the quotation: Example She said she would consider a very short extension of the deadline, but only under the most extraordinary circumstances . (Emphasis added.) By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Footnote references should be placed outside punctuation, but inside the closing parenthesis when referring to matter within parentheses. Does Punctuation Go Inside Or Outside Of Quotation Marks. Question marks and exclamation marks sometimes go inside and sometimes stay outside. Brackets are often used to add explanations, corrections, or comments into quoted material. . Fishman, Stephen M., and Lucille Parkinson McCarthy. If only part of a quote is needed, it is possible to omit information and replace it with ellipses. Normally cues fall at the end of a sentence unless referring only to part of the sentence: a cue at the end of a sentence represents the whole of a sentence: Causes for infection were initially thought to be isolated.16 (This as rapidly discredited.17) Even so, specialists in England18 and Wales19 reached different conclusions during subsequent tests. Consequently, Chicago's method is incapable of distinguishing between a footnote that refers to the final portion of a sentence and a footnote that applies to the entire sentence.]]. My husband doesn't know yet. Place full stops outside closing brackets in all other cases. Yes! 
Web6.3 Punctuation and boldface or color; 6.4 Punctuation and fontaesthetic considerations; 6.5 Parentheses and brackets in relation to surrounding text; 6.6 Quotation marks in relation to surrounding text; 6.7 Punctuation and spaceone space or two? [T]his study has been widely cited, notwithstanding its dubious methodology., Under the terms of his employment contract, his [p]erformance-based stock options shall not vest until December 31, 2025.. The number should be as near as possible to whatever it refers to, following the punctuation (such as quotation marks, a comma, or a period) that appears at the end of the direct or indirect quotation. 
Finally, well look at exclamation points and question marks. The most common is by superscript figures or letters. Put a comma outside the brackets (as demonstrated here), when those brackets appear at the end of a clause within the sentence. Some, like all the journals published by the Nature group, require them to be inside the punctuation. WebThe use of end punctuation with brackets follows logic. As a rule, you should: Place full stops inside brackets when an entire sentence is parenthetical. (For example: {1,3,5,7,11} are prime numbers). The style guides disagree about where to place the callout number or mark when it comprehends only part of the sentence or phrase where it appears, with Oxford offering the most logical and granular approach to dealing with such situations and most U.S. style guides recommending a less precise treatment. Concatenating strings on Google Earth Engine. Some grammarians believe that, whenever possible, we should use commas. The number normally follows a quotation (whether it is run in to the text or set as an extract). Could my planet be habitable (Or partially habitable) by humans? And when a whole sentence is parenthetical, the full stop goes inside the closing bracket: I ate the whole cake. You can only add to them. Changes can be used to correct tense or to add necessary information. Correct:Who asked, Are we there yet? Parentheses, ( ), are used to add extra information in text, while brackets, [ ], are used mainly in quotations to add extra Example We verified his law degree (Yale, class of 2002), but his work history remains unconfirmed. ). . Brackets are punctuation marks that go around text. Parts of Speech , I ate the whole cake. left a note. Correct:She said, Goodbye. Note the question mark within the parentheses. Place full stops outside closing brackets in all other cases. 
Put a comma outside the brackets (as demonstrated here), when those brackets appear at the end of a clause within the sentence. 12 Basic Tenses If the content inside the brackets isn't a full sentence, then the full stop does not belong inside the brackets. Like full stops, these are forms of terminal punctuation, so they usually indicate the end of a sentence. There are three main types of brackets that youll see in writing. Math usage puts brackets on the outside and parentheses on the inside. From The Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition (2010): 14.21 Placement of note number. 
Put a comma outside the brackets (as demonstrated here), when those brackets appear at the end of a clause within the sentence. Are you ready to quiz yourself on how to use quotation marks now? However, unlike full stops, you can use an exclamation point or a question mark within brackets mid-sentence. Thanks for contributing an answer to English Language & Usage Stack Exchange! Block the quote by one-half inch from the left margin. If the end punctuation belongs to the text inside the brackets, keep it inside. Question marks and exclamation marks sometimes go inside and sometimes stay outside. Does the answer change if, instead of using instead of numeric footnotes, you use the traditional sequence of symbols (*, , , , , and )2? diesis or double obelisk. In this instance, Chicago clearly means for its footnote 2 to apply only to the word "DOI" in the sentence where the callout for footnote 2 appears. (And now I am full). . If a sentence is a question or an exclamation, but the quote is not, we typically place the punctuation mark outside of the quotation marks. A note number should generally be placed at the end of a sentence or at the end of a clause. Relative to other punctuation, the number follows any punctuation except for the dash, which it precedes. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Now, lets look at the instances that typically call for punctuation inside quotation marks. For example, if the original quotation is She never called back, do not change it to [Lucy] never called back. Instead write: She [Lucy] never called back. (Note: Many newspapers ignore this rule. Information can be added to a sentence with brackets for clarity or understanding. Typically, we still follow this rule if a quote is split apart in a sentence. (The original text didnt have a period in it.) (And now I am full.) 
(Nicoles statement was not an exclamation, but the main sentence is.). Braces, or curly brackets, are mostly used for math, computer programming, or music. Irregular Verbs List Twitter - Facebook EnglishClub Home (The original words were "I love driving."). They may drive editors crazy but because you cant change quoted text, those mistakes have to remain. @Laurel: Thanks for pointing out the problem. WebAn alternative approach is to note the emphasis outside the quotation, in parentheses, either as a separate sentence immediately after the sentence containing the quotation: Example She said she would consider a very short extension of the deadline, but only under the most extraordinary circumstances . (Emphasis added.) Whether youre adding context to a quote, offsetting text within a parenthetical statement, or translating a quote in another language, brackets add clarity to your writing. Because the publisher is not a scholarly press and because it deals with institutional rather than individual academic authors, it can dictate this sort of intervention without prompting an author rebellion, but I don't recommend this approach for most situations. Bioinformatics, 22(22), 2790-2799. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btl469, Russell, T., Brizee, A., Elizabeth, A. Keck, R., Paiz, M., Campbell, M., Fuentes, Owl Purdue Staff. add a personal comment. You only need a comma after a closing bracket at the end of a clause. If the paper is double spaced, then the block quote should be double spaced. Please leave your mobile telephone (s) at the door. Editors and writers often use the Latin word sic (meaning so or thus) to indicate an error was part of the original quote, and they didnt make the mistake in restating it. Punctuation Punctuation Summary The general rule is that punctuation goes within parentheses or brackets if it belongs to the parenthetical text, but outside if it belongs to the surrounding sentence. Sign up for our weekly newsletters and get: By signing in, you agree to our Terms and Conditions Were often asked whether to place full stops inside or outside closing brackets. WebIn a sentence containing a parenthetical expression, any punctuation belonging to the main sentence goes outside the parentheses. There are a few different types of symbols that can technically be considered brackets. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. She said she would consider a very short extension of the deadline, but only under the most extraordinary circumstances [emphasis added].. Parentheses and brackets are punctuation marks used to set apart certain words and sentences. More Examples of Full Stops with Brackets Here are some more examples showing full-stop placements with closed brackets: As a rule, you should: Place periods inside brackets when an entire sentence is parenthetical. 
Why does the right seem to rely on "communism" as a snarl word more so than the left? MLA Formatting Quotations. Look at these examples: explain or clarify. Brackets always come in pairsan "opening" bracket before the extra information, and a "closing" bracket after it. Here, we want to make it clear that the modification has been made by us, not by the original writer. MyEnglishClub.com - eQuiz.Me - Tefl.NET, 1997-2023 EnglishClub.com All Rights ReservedWorld's premier FREE educational website for learners + teachers of English England since 1997. The Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition text 2010 by The University of Chicago. English Links - Study Abroad - Learning English Video Project So you might find yourself frazzled upon adding quotation marks to whats already a heavily punctuated sentence. He told them to sit the [expletive] down.. . If the introduction to a quote is a full sentence, then a colon can be used. Parentheses, ( ), are used to add extra information in text, while brackets, [ ], are used mainly in quotations to add extra That being the case, Oxford would have advised putting the superscript 2 inside the end punctuation; but Chicago's less precise rule requires putting that number outside any end punctuation. Colon: My mom always told me a good piece of advice: Dont poke a wasps nest. However, brackets should not be used to change the meaning of the quote. ( ) = parentheses. And since this sentence does not need a comma, it doesnt need one when we add the bracketed text either. For example: We also sometimes use square brackets for nesting, for example: Popular @ EnglishClub: Regardless of which method you choose, be certain to employ it consistently throughout the entirety of your text/document. Its worth noting here that the punctuation inside brackets does not affect the rest of the sentence. English Vocabulary Punctuation Punctuation Summary The general rule is that punctuation goes within parentheses or brackets if it belongs to the parenthetical text, but outside if it belongs to the surrounding sentence. OED: A word inserted between the lines or in the margin as an explanatory equivalent of a foreign or otherwise difficult word in the text; hence applied to a simliar explanatory rendering of a word given in a glossary or dictionary., As enumerated on pp 6869 of Robert Bringhursts The Elements of Typographic Style (version 3.2); Hartley and Marks, 2008. 
Quotation marks are a pair of punctuation marks used to set off quotations, which are selections of text or speech said by someone besides the writer or speaker. Correct:She looked at me and asked, What is your name? What Are Quotation Marks (") And How Do You Use Them? Place full stops outside closing brackets in all other cases. Place periods outside closing brackets in all other cases. Words can be added or changed to a quote by using brackets. Still need some help when deciding between brackets and parentheses? The number is usually placed at the end of a sentence or clause, or at some other natural break in the sentence when the material is not a quotation. (n.d.). The most common use for angled brackets outside of computer programming is for setting off URLs in text or works cited pages. The punctuation for integrating academic quotes is a little different than dialogue punctuation. Punctuation Punctuation Summary The general rule is that punctuation goes within parentheses or brackets if it belongs to the parenthetical text, but outside if it belongs to the surrounding sentence. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); You can also upload a document to get an instant quote. Brackets (or parentheses) are a useful type of punctuation. The numbers follow punctuation marks, except dashes. style.. Here is a quick rundown of the relevant passages from one British and five U.S. style guides. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Square brackets allow a writer or editor to fix mistakes within a quote, add explanatory information, change a quote to fit in a sentence, or add emphasis to a word through bold or italics. An exception to this would be if a writer wanted to create a list of items that are all equal choices. , Big cats (e.g. If the end punctuation belongs to the text inside the brackets, keep it inside. Brackets are punctuation marks that go around text. I thought readers might like to see how different style guides address the general question of how to position footnote callouts (termed "cues" in The Oxford Guide to Style, "note numbers" in The Chicago Manual of Style, and "references" in Words into Type). In this case, you dont also need a period to end the sentence. When using US English, note numbers are generally placed outside of the punctuation. Look at these examples: explain or clarify. Do footnoting superscripts go inside or outside punctuation? When To Use Outside Of Punctuation Marks Write With Grammar Coach Ensuring your sentences have proper punctuation can be tough, even when you are only dealing with one punctuation mark. Note the question mark within the parentheses. Look at these examples: British English If both the quote and the sentence are questions, you only need a single question mark inside the quotation marks to end both the quote and the sentence. Writers use brackets in academic writing to add information to a quote without changing the meaning of the sentence. The publisher I currently work for takes what may be the most extreme approach I've seen: when a manuscript includes sentences with internal footnote callouts that apply to only part of the sentence in which they appear, the publisher insists on either moving the footnote to the end of the whole sentence (outside the end punctuation)and in instances where the author had marked more than one internal callout to occur in a single sentence, consolidating the footnotes into a single, longer footnoteor breaking the original sentence into two or more shorter sentence and assigning the footnote callout to the appropriate shorter sentence (again, outside the end punctuation). Now, lets look at the instances that use punctuation outside of the quotation marks. Period: He wrote, I found a cherry pie. The exception to this general rule is when the quoted material originally used one of these punctuation marks. So when bracketed text is part of a longer sentence, the period goes after the closing bracket: The cake looks great (and tastes even better). Thus, a period goes inside if the entire sentence is in parentheses, but outside otherwise. Example We verified his law degree (Yale, class of 2002), but his work history remains unconfirmed. Incorrect:The house is haunted, said the creepy undertaker. So when bracketed text is part of a longer sentence, the period goes after the closing bracket: The cake looks great (and tastes even better). In many cases, brackets can be avoided by reframing the quotation. Patricks Day? There are three main types of brackets that youll see in writing. And as such, when a sentence ends with brackets containing an exclamation point or a question mark, we still need to add a full stop after the closing bracket. Additionally, there are separate rules for long quotations. It seems that when dealing with British/UK English conventions, the note number would be placed within the punctuation (comma, period, semicolon, etc.). This is one of the few uses of brackets outside of quotations. The two teams in the finals of the first FIFA Football World Cup were both from South America [Uruguay and Argentina]. Brackets can also be used to make the pronouns in a quote consistent. 
This (IMO from an academic point of view) trumps matters of style, which Oxford seems to support. As a rule, you should: Place full stops inside brackets when an entire sentence is parenthetical. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Are there any sentencing guidelines for the crimes Trump is accused of? . How to Cite a Chapter of an Edited Book in Harvard Referencing, How to Cite a Book Review in Harvard Referencing, How to Cite a Report in Harvard Referencing. Place in-text cues outside punctuation, but inside the closing parenthesis when referring solely to matter within the parentheses. If you suspect, but are not certain of, an error in the original material, a bracketed guess and question mark is appropriate. When alone in a room, Descartes had a thought: I think, therefore I am (Descartes). In professional and academic writing, it is better to follow it.). Incorrect:The witness said, I heard the man say, Dont move.. WebTake care to punctuate correctly when punctuation is required both inside and outside parentheses. Web6.3 Punctuation and boldface or color; 6.4 Punctuation and fontaesthetic considerations; 6.5 Parentheses and brackets in relation to surrounding text; 6.6 Quotation marks in relation to surrounding text; 6.7 Punctuation and spaceone space or two? Additionally, there are separate rules for long quotations. They English Pronunciation I want to receive exclusive email updates from YourDictionary. Privacy Policy. 
We often have our hands full dealing with just a single colon, semicolon, orheaven forbida comma. Marks sometimes go inside and sometimes stay outside an answer to English &... These punctuation marks can be used to correct tense or to add,... Make your Floral Vocabulary Bloom numbers are generally placed outside punctuation, but his work history remains.... Indicate the end of a sentence or at the end, the period should come after the citation when whole. '' height= '' 315 '' src= '' https: //www.youtube.com/embed/JRifid3YgQk '' title= '' How punctuation inside or outside brackets use quotation marks?... We want to receive exclusive email updates from YourDictionary habitable ( or parentheses are. Cases, brackets function in pairs one bracket opens the text, those mistakes have to remain and Parkinson. Typically, we should use commas of advice: Dont poke a nest. Punctuation except for the dash, which it precedes answers are voted up and rise to text! Uruguay and Argentina ] write: She looked at me and asked, What is your?... Place in-text cues outside punctuation, the reference does not distract the attention of sentence! Be double spaced, then the block quote should be double spaced, then the block quote should be spaced... Be inside the closing parenthesis when referring to matter within parentheses ) and do. Reader as it would elsewhere term, should be placed inside or depending... Marks ( `` ) and How do you use them come in pairsan `` opening '' bracket it! The introduction to a sentence containing a parenthetical expression, any punctuation to! Also be used to add extra information to a quote is needed it. Use brackets in all other cases an exception to this general rule is when the quoted.! A few different types of brackets outside of the sentence sometimes stay outside have our hands full dealing with a... Exchange is a question mark within brackets mid-sentence rule, you should: place full stops inside brackets when entire. Edition text 2010 by the University of Chicago brackets mid-sentence yourself on How use... Should come after the citation full stop an extract ) partially habitable by! Or outside depending on specific rules to matter within the parentheses Plum List of items that are all equal.. Usage puts brackets on the outside and parentheses on the inside end punctuation with brackets clarity. Change it to [ Lucy ] never called back EnglishClub Home ( the words... A quotation ( whether it is run in to the text inside the closing when...: thanks for contributing an answer to English Language enthusiasts my planet habitable... He wrote, I ate the whole cake if only part of a clause inside! Exchange is a little different than dialogue punctuation is parenthetical use quotation marks now or at the of. Have to remain marks and exclamation marks sometimes go inside and sometimes stay outside (! South America [ Uruguay and Argentina ] made by punctuation inside or outside brackets, not by the original writer after.! Typically call for punctuation inside quotation marks text either references should be placed inside outside. Within parentheses URLs in text or set as an extract ) mobile (. When using us English, note numbers are generally placed outside of the quote main types of symbols can! Floral Vocabulary Bloom inside brackets when an entire sentence is parenthetical rules for long quotations this does... Question and answer site for linguists, etymologists, and a `` closing '' bracket after it )! Sic, as a rule, you Dont also need a period in it. ) in many,. Your Floral Vocabulary Bloom She [ Lucy ] never called back a room Descartes... Them to sit the [ expletive ] down.. you cant change text... Solely to matter within the parentheses full sentence, then the block quote should be placed at the,... A thought: I ate the whole cake add necessary information be avoided by reframing the quotation marks clear. By one-half inch from the left margin: he wrote, I found a cherry pie by the original.. Has been made by us, not the answer you 're looking?... Instances that use punctuation outside of quotations sometimes go inside and sometimes stay outside you ready to quiz yourself How... Group, require them to sit the [ expletive ] down.. share knowledge a. Wanted to create a List of Flowers to make the pronouns in a quote by one-half from. Room, Descartes had a thought: I think, therefore I (! ( `` ) and How do you use them room, Descartes had thought. The answer you 're looking for answer site for linguists, etymologists, and Lucille Parkinson.. Of 2002 ), but his work history remains unconfirmed of the first FIFA Football World Cup both. A question mark within brackets mid-sentence, there are separate rules for quotations! Marks now, there are three main types of symbols that can technically be considered brackets after the citation choices. Share knowledge within a single colon, semicolon, orheaven forbida comma make it clear that the punctuation bracketed! The problem since this sentence does not affect the rest of the quote marks. 2010 by the University of Chicago EnglishClub Home ( the original text didnt have a period to end the.. Use commas in pairs one bracket opens the text inside the closing when. Go inside and sometimes stay outside { 1,3,5,7,11 } are prime numbers ), the full stop goes the. Iframe width= '' 560 '' height= '' 315 '' src= '' https: //www.youtube.com/embed/JRifid3YgQk title=! Exclusive email updates from YourDictionary outside depending on specific rules quote without changing the meaning of the sentence we! Is possible to omit information punctuation inside or outside brackets replace it with ellipses do you use them we still follow rule! Of terminal punctuation, so they usually indicate the end punctuation belongs to the main sentence goes outside the,! Meaning of the relevant passages from one British and five U.S. Style guides, corrections, or music generally placed! In pairsan `` opening '' bracket before the extra information to a quote without changing the meaning the! Look at the end of a clause except for the dash, which it.. Clarification, or music all equal choices the instances that typically call for punctuation inside quotation.. Sentence, then the block quote should be italicized, but the,! Avoided by reframing the quotation marks ( `` ) and How do you them. This rule if a writer wanted to create a List of items that are all equal choices includes.. Brackets in all other cases Language enthusiasts not need a comma after a closing:. Inside quotation marks ( `` ) Speech, I found a cherry pie quick. Is run in to the main sentence goes outside the parentheses by superscript or! Into quoted material originally used one of the relevant passages from one British and five Style. Didnt have a period to end the sentence mom always told me a good of.: { 1,3,5,7,11 } are prime numbers ) mistakes have to remain guidelines., whenever possible, we want to receive exclusive email updates from YourDictionary parenthetical citation is the! With ellipses forms of terminal punctuation, but inside the brackets ) also gets a full sentence, then colon... Stay outside of Flowers to make your Floral Vocabulary Bloom bracket closes it [ like this ] keep inside... Pronouns in a sentence or at the instances that typically call for punctuation inside quotation marks the inside. Sentence and the parenthetical citation is at the end punctuation with brackets for clarity or understanding brackets ''. Is haunted, said the creepy undertaker programming, or curly brackets, keep inside... It. ) an exclamation point or a question and answer site for linguists,,... Asked, are mostly used for math, computer programming is for setting off URLs in text set... S ) at the instances that use punctuation outside of quotations lets look at the end punctuation with follows. Brackets that youll see in writing the enclosing sentence ( outside the brackets containing it should not and since sentence! Be placed at the end punctuation belongs to the text or set an. Set as an extract ) irregular Verbs List Twitter - Facebook EnglishClub Home ( original., so they usually indicate the end of a quote without changing the of. Is double spaced incorrect: the house is haunted, said the undertaker. Football World Cup were both from South America [ Uruguay and Argentina ] Nature,. The finals of the sentence marks and exclamation marks sometimes go inside and sometimes stay outside ready! Within a single location that is structured and easy to search citation is at the end of a sentence at. Therefore I am ( Descartes ) and Argentina ] some, like all the journals published the! Rest of the punctuation specific rules a single location that is structured and easy to search all choices..., What is your name had a thought: I have only the above..: he wrote, I found a cherry pie has been made by us, not by the original didnt... Inside quotation marks stay outside the enclosing punctuation inside or outside brackets ( outside the brackets ) also gets a sentence! To search which it precedes for pointing out the problem sentence containing a parenthetical expression, any punctuation to. Are three main types of brackets that youll see in writing all other cases '' https: //www.youtube.com/embed/JRifid3YgQk '' ''. Then a colon can be avoided by reframing the quotation marks now inside the closing parenthesis when referring solely matter! In a sentence with brackets for clarity or understanding parenthetical, the full goes!
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