natural resources of france
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Petroleum Natural gas Mineral water Although diverse, the Natural Resources of France are relatively limited in quantity. Uranium is mined in the Massif Central, and, although recoverable reserves are estimated at approximately 50,000 tons, more than half of the annual consumption has to be imported. Uranium is mined in the Massif Central, and, although recoverable reserves are estimated at approximately 50,000 tons, more than half of the annual consumption has to be imported. arable land: 33.4% (2018 est.) ), total: 3.1 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 3.48 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 2.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est. WebAccording to the INSEE, a nature reserve is a part of the territory where fauna, flora, soil, waters, mineral and fossil deposits and, in general, the environment tof particular importance are protected. Above 600-800m altitudes, Frances mountain climate brings heavy rainfall, and snow three to six months arable land: 33.4% (2018 est.) Coal was an essential resource that played a significant role in the industrial revolution wave that swept across Natural Gas. WebFrance holds a significant place among the European countries and is rich in natural resources including uranium, coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, antimony, arsenic, potash, feldspar, gypsum, and fluorspar. The capital and by far the most important city of France is Paris, one of the worlds preeminent cultural and commercial centres. Non-metallic minerals More than 25 percent of its territory is covered with forest, and another 50 percent is countryside or farmland. )-$46.341 billion (2020 est. Bauxite was first discovered in France in 1821 in the Brignoles region in the Foix mining district. Historically and culturally among the most important nations in the Western world, France has also played a highly significant role in international affairs, with former colonies in every corner of the globe. )male: 34.9% (2020 est. The demand for different types of energy has changed considerably over time. Guadeloupe: Central America and the Caribbean; Martinique: Central America and the Caribbean; total: 643,801 sq km ; 551,500 sq km (metropolitan France)land: 640,427 sq km ; 549,970 sq km (metropolitan France)water: 3,374 sq km ; 1,530 sq km (metropolitan France)note: the first numbers include the overseas regions of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Reunion, slightly more than four times the size of Georgia; slightly less than the size of Texas, total: 3,956 kmborder countries (8): Andorra 55 km; Belgium 556 km; Germany 418 km; Italy 476 km; Luxembourg 69 km; Monaco 6 km; Spain 646 km; Switzerland 525 kmmetropolitan France - total: 2751 kmFrench Guiana - total: 1205 km, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nm (does not apply to the Mediterranean Sea)continental shelf: 200m depth or to the depth of exploitation. Everyone raves about France for its cuisine and culture, but the country also enthralls with its natural wonders from the highest peaks in Europe to colossal canyons, lyrical rivers, crash-bang waterfalls, and fields of purple lavender and pink-granite coastlines ripe for an impressionist painting. )services: 77.2% (2016 est. hunter rawlings elementary school california; missing or invalid field in promoted objects; raw sushi menu near redding, ca; natural resources of france. Lorraine has been the principal source of iron ore in France where large deposits of the precious natural resource alongside coal were responsible for the rapid population growth during the industrial revolution. ), note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout France; as of 9 December 2022, France has reported a total of 37,252,086 cases of COVID-19 or 57276.2 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 155,898 cumulative deaths or a rate 239.7 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 7 December 2022, 80.54% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, total: 11.44 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. France Overview People Government - Politics Geography Economy Roman Catholic 47%, Muslim 4%, Protestant 2%, Buddhist 2%, Orthodox 1%, Jewish 1%, other 1%, none 33%, unspecified 9%note: France maintains a tradition of secularism and has not officially collected data on religious affiliation since the 1872 national census, which complicates assessments of France's religious composition; an 1872 law prohibiting state authorities from collecting data on individuals' ethnicity or religious beliefs was reaffirmed by a 1978 law emphasizing the prohibition of the collection or exploitation of personal data revealing an individual's race, ethnicity, or political, philosophical, or religious opinions; a 1905 law codified France's separation of church and state, 0-14 years: 18.04% (male 6,322,021/female 6,040,773)15-64 years: 60.53% (male 20,846,592/female 20,632,418)65 years and over: 21.42% (2023 est.) las vegas high school student charged with battery The supply of stone, sand, and gravel is relatively ubiquitous. Much of it was used domestically instead. According to the CIA World Factbook, France has a large economy that is currently transitioning from one with government ownership to a more privatized one. WebAccording to the INSEE, a nature reserve is a part of the territory where fauna, flora, soil, waters, mineral and fossil deposits and, in general, the environment tof particular importance are protected. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 59 (2021 est. permanent crops: note: data are in current year dollars$751.384 billion (2020 est.) Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Metals are in blue (Al aluminium ore, Fe iron ore, W tungsten, Au gold, U uranium). As much as nuclear power is vital in France, hydro-electric energy is France's most important source of renewable energy accounting for about 19.7% of installed capacity in France; it comes second to nuclear energy. Eguzon Dam in Central France is among the main stations that produce substantial percentage of the total output. France France is among the globes oldest nations, the product of an alliance of duchies and principalities under a single ruler in the Middle Ages. Frances nuclear industry also includes a large uranium-enrichment factory at Pierrelatte in the lower Rhne valley and a waste-reprocessing plant at La Hague, near Cherbourg. France has always been keen on a capitalistic market and the financial crisis of 2008-2009 largely affected its economy. )methane emissions: 55.99 megatons (2020 est. Fossil fuels are in red (C coal, L lignite, P petroleum, G natural gas). Coal now plays only a minor role, while the use of oil has also fallen, replaced partly by natural gas and notably by nuclear energy, which now accounts for more than one-third of primary energy consumption. What Are The Major Natural Resources Of Brazil? France has some coal, iron ores, bauxite, and uranium; but the coal veins are deep and difficult to work and are unsuitable for use in the manufacture of steel. )industry: 19.5% (2017 est. ), 123.01% of GDP (2020 est. The rapid growth of the countrys population was due to the presence of a large number of deposits of iron ore alongside coal. note: data are in current year dollars, Germany 14%, United States 8%, Italy 7%, Spain 7%, Belgium 7%, United Kingdom 7% (2019), aircraft, packaged medicines, cars and vehicle parts, gas turbines, wine (2019), $957.717 billion (2021 est.) The rapid growth of the countrys population was due to the presence of a large number of deposits of iron ore alongside coal. )from petroleum and other liquids: 225.865 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Above 600-800m altitudes, Frances mountain climate brings heavy rainfall, and snow three to six months Please select which sections you would like to print: Alternate titles: French Republic, Rpublique Franaise, Goelet Professor of French History, Harvard University. WebFrance has ample building resources. WebFrance electricity, natural gas, oil, energy and natural resources provided. Back in the 1800s, France had colossal coal reserves which have over time become depleted through overuse. The country also has substantial amounts of renewable energy and is known for its extensive timber and fishing industries. Author of. One cant impose unity out of the blue on a country that has 265 kinds of cheese.. Iron ore output exceeded 60 million tons in the early 1960s, originating principally in Lorraine; but production has now ceased, despite the continued existence of reserves. Bauxite production is negligible, though other mineralized ores, such as those containing lead, zinc, and silver, are mined in very small quantities. Uranium is mined in the Massif Central, and, although recoverable reserves are estimated at approximately 50,000 tons, more than half of the annual consumption has to be imported. ), total: 30.627 million (2020 est. )exports of goods and services: 30.9% (2017 est. Omissions? When it comes to natural oil, France heavily relies on imports but has set up its refineries around the country. ), total population: 82.79 yearsmale: 79.75 yearsfemale: 85.97 years (2023 est. Petroleum Natural gas Mineral water Although diverse, the Natural Resources of France are relatively limited in quantity. 15 Most Expensive Countries To Live In The World, Inflation in the United States: A Brief Overview. Many markets are supplied with oil products by pipeline, which is also the distribution method for natural gas. The country was traditionally an important producer of bauxite and iron ore. )other: 18.1% (2018 est. Webpetroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, rare earth elements, zinc El Salvador hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land Equatorial Guinea petroleum, natural gas, timber, gold, bauxite, diamonds, tantalum, sand and gravel, clay Webfrance's natural resources A lthough diverse, the natural resources of France are relatively limited in quantity. ), lowest 10%: 3.6%highest 10%: 25.4% (2013), 1.08% of GDP (2021 est. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Natural gas was first discovered in the south-western region of France called Lacq in 1957 where it was estimated that approximately 8.8 trillion cubic feet of natural gas were trapped underground ready for extraction. WebFrance has ample land area to provide habitat for a wide variety of plants and animals. Many of the remaining residents have turned to agriculture. ), municipal solid waste generated annually: 33.399 million tons (2015 est. This territory should be protected )investment in inventories: 0.9% (2017 est. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, the Alps and the Pyrenees, France has long provided a geographic, economic, and linguistic bridge joining northern and southern Europe. Sulfur is also another resource that is found in limited deposits of natural gas in Aquitaine. Fitch rating: AA (2014)Moody's rating: Aa2 (2015)Standard & Poors rating: AA (2013)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. In the early 21st century, five French overseas entities - French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Reunion - became French regions and were made part of France proper. It is Europes most important agricultural producer and one of the worlds leading industrial powers. Minerals like Potash are mined in Alsace while sodium chloride is extracted from the Lorraine mines and parts of the Franche-Comte. Uranium. )$6.058 trillion (2018 est. )forest: 29.2% (2018 est. Imported coal had long supplemented indigenous production. ), wheat, sugar beets, milk, barley, maize, potatoes, grapes, rapeseed, pork, apples, machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics, textiles, food processing, tourism, agriculture: 2.8% (2016 est. Johnny Depp-starrer 'Jeanne du Barry' to open Cannes, French PM, unions meeting fails ahead of pension protests, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). More than 25 percent of its territory is covered with forest, and another 50 percent is countryside or farmland. Webfrance's natural resources A lthough diverse, the natural resources of France are relatively limited in quantity. France France is among the globes oldest nations, the product of an alliance of duchies and principalities under a single ruler in the Middle Ages. Solar power is another area that France has actively been engaging in with a total output of about 7,165 MW produced in 2016 alone. Although wind power generated less than 3 percent of the electricity consumed in France in 2010, the countrys wind potential was the second largest in Europe, and new facilities were planned in accordance with EU renewable energy directives. note: data are in current year dollars$916.214 billion (2019 est.) )arable land: 33.4% (2018 est. For a while, Lorraine was home to steel industries which depended on the iron ore, as the deposits depleted over time and when competition from other nation became stiff most of these industries closed down. The Mediterranean climate of south-eastern France is responsible for hot, dry summers, with rainfall from October to April (when the weather is damp but mild) and ample sunshine all year round (Provence, Cte d'Azur and Corsica). Coal was an essential resource that played a significant role in the industrial revolution wave that swept across Natural Gas. )1.9% of GDP (2021)2% of GDP (2020)1.8% of GDP (2019)1.8% of GDP (2018), approximately 205,000 active-duty troops (115,000 Army; 35,000 Navy; 40,000 Air Force; 15,000 other, such as joint staffs, administration, logistics, procurement, medical service, etc. 3.1%, Fabien ROUSSEL (PCF) 2.3%, Nicolas DUPONT-AIGNAN (DLF) 2.1%, Anne HIDALGO 1.8%, other 1.2%; percent of vote in second round - MACRON 58.5%, LE PEN 41.5%2017: Emmanuel MACRON elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Emmanuel MACRON (EM) 24%, Marine LE PEN (FN) 21.3%, Francois FILLON (LR) 20%, Jean-Luc MELENCHON (FI) 19.6%, Benoit HAMON (PS) 6.4%, other 8.7%; percent of vote in second round - MACRON 66.1%, LE PEN 33.9%, description: bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:Senate or Senat (348 seats - 328 for metropolitan France and overseas departments and regions of Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, Reunion, and Mayotte, 2 for New Caledonia, 2 for French Polynesia, 1 for Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, 1 for Saint-Barthelemy, 1 for Saint-Martin, 1 for Wallis and Futuna, and 12 for French nationals abroad; members indirectly elected by departmental electoral colleges using absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for departments with 1-3 members, and proportional representation vote in departments with 4 or more members; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (577 seats - 556 for metropolitan France, 10 for overseas departments, and 11 for citizens abroad; members directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms)elections: Senate - last held on 24 and 27 September 2020 (next to be held in September 2023)National Assembly - last held on 12 and 19 June 2022 (next to be held in June 2027)election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties) - NA ; composition - men 226, women 122, percent of women 35.1%National Assembly - percent of vote by party/coalition in the first round - ENS 25.8%, NUPES 25.7%, RN 18.7%, UDC 11.3%, other 18.5%; seats by party/coalition in the first round - NUPES 4, ENS 1; percent of vote in the second round - ENS 38.6%, NUPES 31.6%, RN 17.3%, UDC 7.3%, other 5.2%, seats by party/coalition in the second round - ENS 244, NUPES 127, RN 89, UDC 64, other 48, highest court(s): Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation (consists of the court president, 6 divisional presiding judges, 120 trial judges, and 70 deputy judges organized into 6 divisions - 3 civil, 1 commercial, 1 labor, and 1 criminal); Constitutional Council (consists of 9 members)judge selection and term of office: Court of Cassation judges appointed by the president of the republic from nominations from the High Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the Court of Cassation and 15 appointed members; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council members - 3 appointed by the president of the republic and 3 each by the National Assembly and Senate presidents; members serve 9-year, non-renewable terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 3 yearssubordinate courts: appellate courts or Cour d'Appel; regional courts or Tribunal de Grande Instance; first instance courts or Tribunal d'instance; administrative courtsnote: in April 2021, the French Government submitted a bill on judicial reform to Parliament, Citizen and Republican Movement or MRC [Jean-Luc LAURENT]Debout la France or DLF [Nicolas DUPONT-AIGNAN]Democratic Movement or MoDem [Francois BAYROU]Ecologist Pole or PEEurope Ecology - the Greens or EELV [vacant]French Communist Party or PCF [Fabien ROUSSEL]Horizons [Hubert VALADE]La France Insoumise or FI [Jean-Luc MELENCHON]La Republique en Marche! The present Fifth Republic has, however, enjoyed notable stability since its promulgation on September 28, 1958, marked by a tremendous growth in private initiative and the rise of centrist politics. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 6.82% (2021 est. Since 1958, it has constructed a hybrid presidential-parliamentary governing system resistant to the instabilities experienced in earlier, more purely parliamentary administrations. ), $920.864 billion (2021 est.) Natural gas was first exploited in southwestern France (near Lacq) in 1957. )spirits: 2.3 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. What Are The Major Natural Resources Of Ukraine? France, officially French Republic, French France or Rpublique Franaise, country of northwestern Europe. Other energy resources are in short supply. It is Europes most important agricultural producer and one of the worlds leading industrial powers. The country also has substantial amounts of renewable energy and is known for its extensive timber and fishing industries. [Jean LASSALLE]Socialist Party or PS [Olivier FAURE]The Patriots or LP [Florian PHILIPPOT]The Republicans or LR [Christian JACOB]Together or ENS [Richard Ferrand] (electoral coalition including LREM, MoDem, Horizons, PRV)Union of Democrats and Independents or UDI [Jean-Christophe LAGARDE]Union of Right and Center or UDC [Christian JACOB] (electoral coalition including LR, UDI), ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BDEAC, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, FZ, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNRWA, UN Security Council (permanent), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC, chief of mission: Ambassador Philippe Noel Marie Marc ETIENNE (since 8 July 2019)chancery: 4101 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007telephone: [1] (202) 944-6000FAX: [1] (202) 944-6166email address and website: info@ambafrance-us.orghttps://franceintheus.org/consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, Washington, DC, chief of mission: Ambassador Denise Campbell BAUER (since 5 February 2022); note - also accredited to Monacoembassy: 2 avenue Gabriel, 75008 Parismailing address: 9200 Paris Place, Washington DC 20521-9200telephone: [33] (1) 43-12-22-22, [33] (1) 42-66-97-83FAX: [33] (1) 42-66-97-83email address and website: Citizeninfo@state.govhttps://fr.usembassy.gov/consulate(s) general: Marseille, Strasbourgconsulate(s): Bordeaux, Lyon, Rennes, three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), white, and red; known as the "Le drapeau tricolore" (French Tricolor), the origin of the flag dates to 1790 and the French Revolution when the "ancient French color" of white was combined with the blue and red colors of the Parisian militia; the official flag for all French dependent areasnote: for the first four years, 1790-94, the order of colors was reversed, red-white-blue, instead of the current blue-white-red; the design and/or colors are similar to a number of other flags, including those of Belgium, Chad, Cote d'Ivoire, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, and Netherlands, Gallic rooster, fleur-de-lis, Marianne (female personification of the country); national colors: blue, white, red, name: "La Marseillaise" (The Song of Marseille)lyrics/music: Claude-Joseph ROUGET de Lislenote: adopted 1795, restored 1870; originally known as "Chant de Guerre pour l'Armee du Rhin" (War Song for the Army of the Rhine), the National Guard of Marseille made the song famous by singing it while marching into Paris in 1792 during the French Revolutionary Wars, total World Heritage Sites: 49 (43 cultural, 5 natural, 1 mixed); note - includes one site in New Caledonia and one site in French Polynesiaselected World Heritage Site locales: Chartres Cathedral (c); Palace and Park of Versailles (c); Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vzre Valley (c); Pyrnes - Mont Perdu (m); Cistercian Abbey of Fontenay (c); Paris, Banks of the Seine (c); The Loire Valley between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes (c); Pont du Gard (Roman Aqueduct) (c); Amiens Cathedral (c); Palace and Park of Fontainebleau (c); Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne (c); Gulf of Porto: Calanche of Piana, Gulf of Girolata, Scandola Reserve (n), high-income, advanced and diversified EU economy and euro user; strong tourism, aircraft manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and industrial sectors; ongoing pension reform protests; high public debts and COVID-19 spending increases; global environmental leader, $3.048 trillion (2021 est. France Overview People Government - Politics Geography Economy hunter rawlings elementary school california; missing or invalid field in promoted objects; raw sushi menu near redding, ca; natural resources of france. Fossil fuels are in red (C coal, L lignite, P petroleum, G natural gas). )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Police have fired clouds of tear gas against unruly protesters in Paris and other French cities as hundreds of thousands of people vented anger against President Emmanuel Macrons contested pension reforms, Chinese leader Xi Jinping has called for peace talks over Ukraine after French President Emmanuel Macron appealed to him to bring Russia to its senses. WebNatural resources of France. As one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Counciltogether with the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, and ChinaFrance has the right to veto decisions put to the council. However, when it comes to natural resources, France surprisingly has a limited reserve. Petroleum Natural gas Mineral water Although diverse, the Natural Resources of France are relatively limited in quantity. Author of, Professor of Political Science, European University Institute, Florence. France, however, does possess fast-moving rivers flowing out of highland areas that provide it with an ample hydroelectric resource. )note: the above figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233, noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)adjective: French, Celtic and Latin with Teutonic, Slavic, North African (Algerian, Moroccan, Tunisian), Indochinese, Basque minoritiesnote: overseas departments: Black, White, Mulatto, East Indian, Chinese, Amerindian. ), urban population: 81.8% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 0.67% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. Today, as in that era, central authority is vested in the state, even though a measure of autonomy has been granted to the countrys rgions in recent decades. France has few oil reserves, and production from wells in Aquitaine and the Paris Basin is extremely limited. ), some forest damage from acid rain; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from urban wastes, agricultural runoff, party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements, particulate matter emissions: 11.64 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. )tide and wave: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )104.99% of GDP (2019 est. They also produce dolomite for cement making, gravel and sand for mixing concrete and making glass, and clay for brick, tile, and pottery manufacture. )exports: 64.425 billion kWh (2020 est. metropolitan France: transshipment point for South American cocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and European synthetics; French Guiana: small amount of marijuana grown for local consumption; minor transshipment point to Europe; Martinique: transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for the US and Europe, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). agriculture: 1.7% (2017 est. Webnatural resources of france. metropolitan France: mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and west; remainder is mountainous, especially Pyrenees in south, Alps in east; French Guiana: low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and small mountains; Guadeloupe: Basse-Terre is volcanic in origin with interior mountains; Grande-Terre is low limestone formation; most of the seven other islands are volcanic in origin; Martinique: mountainous with indented coastline; dormant volcano; Mayotte: generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient volcanic peaks; Reunion: mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast, highest point: Mont Blanc 4,810lowest point: Rhone River delta -2 mmean elevation: 375 mnote: to assess the possible effects of climate change on the ice and snow cap of Mont Blanc, its surface and peak have been extensively measured in recent years; these new peak measurements have exceeded the traditional height of 4,807 m and have varied between 4,808 m and 4,811 m; the actual rock summit is 4,792 m and is 40 m away from the ice-covered summit, metropolitan France: coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, uranium, antimony, arsenic, potash, feldspar, fluorspar, gypsum, timber, arable land, fish; French Guiana:gold deposits, petroleum, kaolin, niobium, tantalum, clay, agricultural land: 52.7% (2018 est. Above 600-800m altitudes, Frances mountain climate brings heavy rainfall, and snow three to six months )0.885 (2017 est. As of 2015, France was the 8th largest wind power nation in the world producing a total of 10.38 MW of electricity. Webfrance's natural resources A lthough diverse, the natural resources of France are relatively limited in quantity. French (official) 100%, declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish, Occitan, Picard); note - overseas departments: French, Creole patois, Mahorian (a Swahili dialect)major-language sample(s): The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. ), number of registered air carriers: 19 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 553annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 70,188,028 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 4,443,790,000 (2018) mt-km, total: 294over 3,047 m: 142,438 to 3,047 m: 251,524 to 2,437 m: 97914 to 1,523 m: 83under 914 m: 75 (2021), total: 1701,524 to 2,437 m: 1914 to 1,523 m: 64under 914 m: 105 (2021), 15,322 km gas, 2,939 km oil, 5,084 km refined products (2013), total: 27,860 km (2020) 16,660 km electrifiednarrow gauge: -5 km, total: 1,053,215 km (2011)urban: 654,201 km (2011)non-urban: 399,014 km (2011), metropolitan France: 8,501 km (1,621 km navigable by craft up to 3,000 metric tons) (2010), total: 548by type: container ship 29, general cargo 50, oil tanker 28, other 441 (2021)note: includes Monaco, major seaport(s): Atlantic Ocean: Brest, Calais, Dunkerque, Le Havre, NantesMediterranean Sea: Marseillecontainer port(s) (TEUs): Le Havre (3,018,550) (2021)LNG terminal(s) (import): Dunkerque, Fos Cavaou, Fos Tonkin, Montoir de Bretagneriver port(s): Bordeaux (Garronne); Nantes - Saint Nazaire (Loire); Paris, Rouen (Seine); Strasbourg (Rhine)cruise/ferry port(s): Calais, Cherbourg, Le Havre, note 1: begun in 1988 and completed in 1994, the Channel Tunnel (nicknamed the Chunnel) is a 50.5-km (31.4-mi) rail tunnel beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover that runs from Folkestone, Kent, England to Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais in northern France; it is the only fixed link between the island of Great Britain and mainland Europenote 2: France operates two icebreakers, one PC 3 or 4 class icebreaker based in French Polynesia for operations in Antarctica and one PC 5 or 6 class icebreaker based in the North Atlanticnote - PC indicates a Polar Class vessel: PC 3 - year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multi-year ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 2.5 m); PC 4 - year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 120 cm); PC 5 - year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 70-120 cm); PC 6 - summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 30-70 cm), French Armed Forces (Forces Armes Franaises): Army (l'Armee de Terre; includes Foreign Legion), Navy (Marine Nationale), Air and Space Force (l'Armee de lAir et de lEspace); includes Air Defense), National Guard (Reserves), National Gendarmerie (2023)note: the National Gendarmerie is a paramilitary police force that is a branch of the Armed Forces and therefore part of the Ministry of Defense but under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior; it also has additional duties to the Ministry of Justice; the Gendarmerie includes the National Gendarmerie Intervention Group (Groupe d'intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale or GIGN), an elite national-level tactical police unit set up in 1973 in response to the 1972 Munich massacre, 1.9% of GDP (2022 est. 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