The Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation was established in 1999 and represents the Wonnarua people. There were short boards nailed across the dangerous parts. A complete guide to the Duttons, from 1883 to Yellowstone. The gaps between the ties of the vines at stem and stern would be plugged with clay, so skilfully introduced that the whole craft would be absolutely watertight. My clan group concentrated along the Allen and Paterson Rivers and stretched over towards St Clair and the Singleton District. No longer would they eat the female species of game, or collect fruits and yams or even eat with the women. The Wonnarua were part of the land. Another group, the Wanaruah Local Aboriginal Land Council, declined to be interviewed, but it wasunderstoodthe group believed evidence of a massacre on the site was inconclusive. It means a place to be shunned. The Port Stephens blacks : recollections of William Scott. These men, who are called keerang (bushes), approach the kweealbang in single file, each one holding a green bush in front of him, which hides his face and body as far as the waist, and as they walk along they make a shrill sound resembling the howling of the dingo, or wild dog. A letter published in the Dungog Chronicle, by an RJ Hector in 1906 and based on a list of local aboriginal words originally compiled in the 1840s. See what others have contributed about your ancestors. The meat was cooked in the most primitive fashion. [8] Many of those who remained in contact with European settlement died of disease. We must remember that the majority of these men were convicts and assigned as servants to the settlers or squatters, as they were more generally termed, Some of these assigned men were undoubtedly of a very depraved nature, . . One of them at last got up, took a sheet of bark, laid it across the grave, and stretched himself upon, it, crying pitifully. What the guardian said, the boombits (initiates) believed. The back of this shelter is towards the womens camp. The site is listed on the Register of the National Estate and is considered a sacred site. Naturally there was someone or other among them who had a striking physical peculiarity, either an over-emphasised feature, a deformity, a trick of gait or speech common to himself. The men make a guttural noise as the novices are shown each tree, and also in going from one tree to another. From E. M. McKinlay, Esq., J.P., and C. L. Brown, Esq., Magistrates in the District of Dungog 1845:- https://goo.gl/UqHQ93 :p27. I have mentioned that the aboriginals (possessed a keen sense of humor and were marvellously clever mimics. The blacks living in the district that extends from just about where Brookfield now is to the headwaters of the Chichester and the Williams belonged to a tribe known as the Gringai. She was Indeed a wonderfully lucky fisher. When this painting is completed, two of the men go ahead by themselves, each of them carrying one or two boomerangs in his belt and one in his hand; in the other hand he carries a small bough ready for use by and bye. I further observe that the party who apprehended him and some others were subpoenaed on his trial, and the reward for his apprehension as notified in the Government Gazette of the 15th July 1835 (10) ordered by the Colonial Secretary to be paid to them. Sir I do my self the honor to inform you that the blacks have again commenced committing serious depredations in this neighbourhood. After Mr. McKenzies death Mr. Simon Lord, a well-known Sydney merchant (after whom Lords Creek is named) of the early Forties of last century, took over the management of the Rawdens properties for a few years and until they were sold. The spot where the fire had seen being now cool, the embers and ashes were levelled and boughs were brought and disposed of in the middle of the circle. English Encyclopedia is licensed by Wikipedia (GNU). The principal piece would be about two feet In length and about half-an-inch In diameter, from the front of which would be removed a narrow strip of the outer shell exposing the hardened pith. P.S. It was made of a flat piece of wood, a few inches in length, in which two holes were bored. They, too, were buried at Violet Hill. Most English definitions are provided by WordNet . Altitude 5360 feet the highest point between Kosciusko and Mount Lindsay. This was to show that they were [grieving]. The bull-roarers increase in loudness, and come quite near, and the guardians tell the novices to raise their heads and look. Members were related to each other by their kinship classification, common language and law. The belief was that the fish would eat this part of the girls finger and would ever, thereafter, be attracted to the rest of the hand from which it had come. Bring to life your familys history by exploring the lives of those that came before you. The Blacks of Dungog, Port Stephens and Gresford. Find out more, an offensive content(racist, pornographic, injurious, etc. When it became the custom to carry blankets they usually pinned them across their chests with a bone nose-peg. The women were not allowed to go up this path nor approach the top of the hill at all. If an officers command were directed to proceed thither to scour the bush for a few days and, if possible, capture the offenders, for whose apprehension the Magistrates warrant was granted, it would have a good effect, by striking terror into the savage mind. used or I believe ever heard of by our blacks. I have edited out many instances of phrases such as howling savages and gins and have tried to keep the excerpts as cultural reportage, not cultural judgement, but inevitably the historical reports indicate the white cultural mores of the time. Strings are bound tightly round the upper arms of the novices to make their muscles swell, which is supposed to cause their arms to grow stronger. They had a simple and quick method of their own, that used by their forefathers through centuries of time, one indeed common to savage peoples all over the world, the creating of a spark by the friction of two pieces of wood rubbed together. These quartz crystals are believed to be the excrement of [Ko-en]. . was open to attack from the Wallamba and Cape Hawke blacks [who] raided the run and speared the stock, driving many of the cattle [to the]unknown brushy headwaters of the Myall and Crowford to Bundbach, on the northern shores of Port Stephens. The fat so stolen was greatly prized and was divided among the adults who anointed their bodies with it, and generally carried portions with them in the belief that the prowess and virtues of the deceased would pass to them. Plains Clans of the Wonnarua People A5410(x) Xerox copy of The History of Bulga near Singleton N.S.W. . [The] vessels enabled many a meal to be obtained by the fisherwomen when the great schools of fish were not in evidence. But he was about somewhereintangible and dread- conveying. I verily believe that they would have held a shark. Venerable men, and men of distinction were buried with much ceremony, but ordinary members of the tribe, and females, were disposed of in a perfunctory man- ner. Sanitation was unknown to the tribe, with most unpleasant consequences when a camp had been established at one spot for some length of time. The Gringai had a great dread of thunder and believed it to be the demonstration of the anger of some supernatural being rebuking them for some impropriety. Social - dances, association meetings and gatherings, visitors, and general gossip columns. This being they knew as Coen. The second, which Mr Bennett seemingly refers to under Captain Reynolds, is apparently that expedition which led up to the encounter on Browns Creek, Wallamba, in which the whites were so decidedly worsted, that the locality of the encounter in question yet bears the name of Waterloo. The triangle icon that indicates to play. x\{xT_fL! $$!fdS!>p&QTD Ujmoql
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>g$U0%8 Ame$H'X:PBnv%_Vg~{)>LGc{$:LqjhEY`Vu}}~Os :p*n? At various times they were ordered to assume uncomfortable positions and to remain so until the sun crossed the sky. @!Jnm=z9A0h>n~q8FZG7dJNe)u&k3mNImpTyJdqynqM|49z?1Lg9RWy5HBJ4E>+w It is popularly known as the Baiame Cave and is part of a series of rock shelters on an area of 80 hectares. If it is intended to erect the camp only a little way off, the pole is short; but if the new camp is some distance away, the pole is long. The Australian Museum holds a collection of about 300 Indonesian textiles. The rugs are now taken off the women, and the mothers are called up first, after which the other women are permitted to rise. The mia-mias of these rude aborigines were of the most primitive description, being merely a few sheets of bark placed against a convenient log, or bushes roughly planted alongside some huge forest giant. Learn how First Nation communities and artists are using ghost net sculptures as a way to tell traditional stories. Their attitude towards visiting blacks was also worthy of note. who fully believed in an after existence, and told me many curious and interesting legends, especially one relating to the stars. They seemed always to regard life as a huge joke to be enjoyed to the utmost. A. Cos men had sought shelter. Copyright for this website is owned by the State of New South Wales through the Department of Education. The illustration above, Broken Bay [Hawkesbury RIver]Jemmy. To-day looking on this quiet and peaceful scene it is hard to believe that where one stand was enacted one of those terrible tragedies that unfortunately too often happened in the early days when the white pioneers were taking up the land and outsing the primitive aboriginals from their hunting grounds. As they were fairly plentiful in the bush they were often on the menu. The shepherds were very scared as was very natural, and came to beg that I should double the flocks so that two of the men might always be together. When green, if the camp needed vegetables for the menu, they were roasted and eaten In that fashion. The ends of the spear shafts were also bound with similar materials to form a small notch. First, the mothers of the boys are set free - then the sisters - and lastly, the other women and children are uncovered. The blacks would not, or could not say anything definite of him that one could advance as an explanation of his where- abouts or his potency, but clearly he had some influence, The belief in a spirit existence is exemplified in connection with the burial customs of the Port Stephens tribe. The Blacks of Dungog, Port Stephens and Gresford. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Collection, Australian Museum Research Institute (AMRI), Australian Museum Lizard Island Research Station. and the only cessation was when all burst into screams of laughter. I once saw a black named Charlie Dee mount a huge turpentine tree, more than 100-feet to the first limb, by simply using toe holds cut with his ready tomahawk. Thus their visitor was put at his ease, and in a most tactful manner. It is on record of authentic nature that incredible crudities were practised upon the poor blacks by some of these hardened wretches. An implement greatly In use was the tomahawk. The digging of the grave being finished, the sexton went to some of the youngest and freshest trees, breaking off the small branches with leaves, and proceeded to line the grave with them, which being done a brother of the deceased was desired to [ensure] the grave was comfortable, which he did by lying in, it in the posture in which the deceased was to be placed. Dungog was the ultimate limit of settlement for ten years or more. I remember one old black discoursing on the merits of the nullah a s against the wattle in a fight. Until the Great Sky Spirit Baiame opened his eyes'. Learn more about this collection acquired by Alexander Morrison in the New South Wales Hunter Valley during in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. One of the most remarkable beliefs I remember, also concerns [fishing] An aboriginal woman, Fanny, who was a servant of our family for many years, was in her girlhood days dedicated to the art of fishing. They then march on quickly, and on arriving at the kweealbang they disband, the men and novices belonging to each tribe taking up their position on the side which is in the direction of their country. Celebrated Fisherman of New South Wales, in a canoe the woman sitting down is supposed to be is [sic] wife. Conclusion.-The following day, the strange tribes begin to disperse, and start away on their return journey to the districts from which they have come. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 23 Aug 1927 Page 6 MURDER BY BLACKS. Whirling the stick with amazing speed its hardened point would emerge from the pith, spilling a fiery dust that dropped on a little heap of soft, fine bark placed to catch it. Day broke and the sleeping blacks arose. The number of aborigines in the District of Dungogfrom Clarence Town to Underbank is sixty-three ; viz., forty-six men and boys, fourteen women, and three children. Two days prior to this, while in the Jerrys Plains area, Cunningham had noted Exocarpus [Native Cherry] and Sterculia heterophyllus [Kurrajong - NSW Herbarium] appearing in every part of the Forest. [They] have for some time past been deprived of their gins, by a named F t (supt to Mr John Lord, of this district) and that on hearing the story. I think 1838 would be nearer the mark. Fitzpatric does not comment on this and the poisonings are so far apart in time that it is impossible to say if they are one and the same or two separate massacres. It will perhaps be interesting to describe another keeparra ground visited by me, which is situated between three and four miles north-easterly from the village of Gresford, New South Wales. The Australian Museum holds a large number of cultural material and objects obtained from archaeological sites in New South Wales, as well as items from various regions throughout Australia. endstream
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Scott Franks, of the Plains Clans Wonnarua People (PCWP), believedthe colonial past of the RavensworthEstateinvolvedthe brutal massacre of First Nations people. Visitors to this website should be aware that some materials may use language that is offensive or sensitive. With this seemingly in- effective guard, they could ward of with extraordinary dexterity spears and stones hurled at them from any angle. He also created the first initiation site. Just as preparations were being made for a continuation of the rites, some of the strange blacks raised an objection to my being present with a gun, for I had with me a small sixteen-bore fowling piece I Invariably carried on my excursions in the bush. I saw the trees tattooed and marked for a hundred yards round the ring, but I never saw any ceremonies there. After the formalities of their reception have been gone through, the new arrivals, who are not painted black on this occasion, ask some of the other men to accompany them a little way from the camp, where they hold a consultation as to the date on which the novices will be taken to the kweealbang. White men never put them there. Their creation spirit is Baiami, also known as Koin, the creator of all things and the Keeper of the Valley. The other men then go and pick up the bushes thrown down by the keerang, and pull the leaves off them, making a continuous grunting, noise while so employed. Family tree diagrams have the same basic design. What makes me remember the corroboree was the fight that followed. The Wonnarua had some idea of a Great Spirit, but what the idea was my informant does not know. Now such doings as have been reported of Mr F t (and I can prove that on one occasion lately he said in presence of some white people, when a poor blackfellow came and insisted on taking home his wife, that he would not give her up although the Governor himself came in person and ordered it). It stems from the work of a West Maitland schoolteacher in the 1880s in which, he used the word Gringai to describe a group of Aborigines living near Dungog . having no desire to return to her tribe. sunrise, one of the headmen pretends to see a large brown squirrel [possum] going into a hole in a tree growing near the camp, and asks one of the men to catch it. The top, fitted into this slot, would be made firm with cords of animal sinews or flbre ( and coated oyer with gum from the grass-tree. A small collection from a cultural giant, discover the objects from China held in the Australian Museum's World Cultural Collection. What the first settlers also brought with them were a wide range of European diseases, to which the locals had no immunity, resulting in what in other parts of the world has been called conquest by disease. They were very neatly made and provided both warmth and protection from rain when occasion arose. After this visit of the keerang the novices are allowed greater liberty, being permitted to sit up straight in the camp, and occasionally to stand. 2.- About ten years ago on epidemic of a variolous nature carried off about a half of their number principally women and children and during the last five years, they have been reduced from thirty-five to forty per cent. Fortunately sickness troubled them but little. They also believed that the koradji were possessed of wonderful supernatural powers and besides bringing disaster to others could affect cures of all manner of ills among theIr own tribe. They extended up the Hunter Valley as far as Singleton. At other times the soldier bird is imitated; sometimes the flying fox [fruit bat], the native bear [koala], the rock wallaby, the wombat, and other animals. The white men, who are still holding each others hands, swing their arms up and down as. As the smoke swirled and eddied about his curly head, the silence was broken as though this had been the signal for speech. The result was deadly to the natives. The old men who are in the ring with the women, therefore, conduct each mother to her son where he is standing holding the hand of the men on each side of him. Little trouble was taken over their preparation, it seeming to be a point of practice to scorch feathers and flesh into a delectable outer covering One of the most fancied foods was the flying-fox (kundewung), and great was the excitement that prevailed when these creatures were about. They had a clever and simple method of cleaning any fish they caught, and one that 1 have not seen practiced elsewhere. The aboriginal natives were the primary tenants of this soil ; they subsisted in the woods by fishing and hunting:, and it was illegal for any one to disturb them in the possession of these natural rightsThe jury af- ter having retired for considerably upwards of an hour, returned with a verdict of Guilty of Manslaughter, but recommended the prisoner to mercy, from the peculiar circumstances under which the offence was committed. Instinct and. A windows (pop-into) of information (full-content of Sensagent) triggered by double-clicking any word on your webpage. They were going to the bora ceremonies. Mr Stacy did not think the wounds dangerous. . Some sheets of bark are now laid on the ground just inside the boundary of the back part of the ring, or, in other words, on that side of it which is farthest from the pathway leading to the goonambang. To make squares disappear and save space for other squares you have to assemble English words (left, right, up, down) from the falling squares. The Wonnarua people are traditional landowners in the . A few of the old men remain standing near them, armed with spears, to see that the covering is not interfered with. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 13 Apr 1923 Page 2 The Origin of Dungog. About this again was an outer casing of a freshly stripped sheet of stringy-bark, also bound with vines. In regard to the captured women, if she belonged to the same sub-class or totem as the capturer, he would have to let her go or yield her up to someone of a different class. Discover your family history. If the ground is wet and cold, pieces of bark are spread upon it for the women to lie upon. Free online family tree maker. These blacks were in the habit of going to the huts for tucker, and probably the hutkeeper thought that they were too much of a nuisance so he poisoned the flour and gave it to them, causing them to die in terrible agony. It was the biggest collection of blacks ever seen in the district. (I may here mention this burial place has been held sacred by his descendants, and many of the tribe have been buried there since then, the dead being conveyed many miles in order that they might make this their last resting place.) The mans widow then made her camp fire by the grave-side, and every evening as the sun was sinking, she began her loud mournful wailing for the dead. The woman about to be married made a camp and a fire, to which the man was led by his father or any old man of the tribe. After this outrage the natives dividedone body seeking shelter south-west towards the Upper Arundel. The honey comb would be pulled out of the hollow limb and thrown down to a couple of mates below who caught it in a wide strip of bark. The pieces of burning bark which the sisters of the novices have been obliged to carry, as before stated, are left at the kweealbang. in that locality. In the proximity of the new camp, on the side of it nearest the place to which the novices will be taken by the headmen, a piece of tolerably level ground is selected, and cleared of all timber and loose rubbish, and a large fire kindled in the middle of it. ?D*1q4"'7fw +3k I |`! I had been riding over the hills after kangaroos, and at a spot about a mile from where the ceremony previously described took place I saw that a number of blacks were camped at the foot of a hill, the camp being in the form of a half circle, round an oval cleared space some 30 or 40 square feet in area. The mysticism of the event was incomprehensible to them at this point, and complete trust in their guardian was all they had. A cord, made of possum hair, was passed around his body a couple of times, the ends being held by the woman who knelt on the ground, leaning over the little canoe of water. Always my requests to be informed what they contained or what they meant were met with blank refusals. The noise was something like a drum. James Miller, the author of Koori: A Will to Win, writes an ancestor was from Eccleston, and regards himself as Wonnarua. A vivid chapter in the earliest history of Glen William deals with the wiping out of a tribe of blacks, and Black Camp of to-day doubtless takes its name from it. To signify the religious importance, the initiates were given rock crystals warmed in an open fire and told that these were the excrement of the great spirit Goign (hence the meaning of goonambangthe place of excrement). Such a camp would be formed on some tolerably level ground near a running stream or water-hole. . [7] Gringai land also includes the southern valleys of the Barrington Tops. Here the final tragedy occurred; a stand was made by the blacks, but in vain. The mothers are painted on the chest and arms, and are invested with their personal adornments. The Port Stephens blacks : recollections of William Scott (National Library of Australia) (SCO), The journal of Charles Boydel (State Library of NSW) (CBJ). 3. Mr R. Dawson describes a meeting with some strange blacks. hbbd``b`$AC $ IuK`R"sDlqXLW@z%3.` /1
Lettris is a curious tetris-clone game where all the bricks have the same square shape but different content. The spears were really wonderful weapons; long, slender and graceful, and fashioned with a balance that was amazingly perfect. But very seldom did they eat them raw. The old father rushed past me, seized a tomahawk, and cut his head in several places, until the blood gushed in quantities from the wounds; another old man snatched it from him, amid commenced upon his own bead. xTk ymH,@>p5qG-jpD*. Get XML access to fix the meaning of your metadata. Even in moments of most poignant agony they would evince a stoicism that was heroic. The shout then set up by all was deafening. These they shrew down to the ground among the women who scrambled and struggled for them with a great eagerness, each [woman] on securing a piece placing it in the woven dilly- bag. These performances are generally carried on at night by the light of the row of camp fires-the novices sitting in the shelter, while the men are acting on the other side of the fire. Other plants indicated by the literature to have been exploited for food in coastal regions include various fruits (Caswell 1841), including a sort of wild plum (Threlkeld in Gunson 1974:55) and the stalk of the water lily (Scott 1929:41; Fawcett 1898:152). This unfor- tunate circumstance has given the blacks more courage, and their depredations are becoming more formidable, so that several respectable persons who have stations on the Manning have lately called on me and [called] for protection, but I could only refer them to Captain King, the Commissioner for the Australian Agricultural Company. A level patch of ground in a convenient part of the camp is cleared and made smooth for dancing on. It is sometimes suggested that Baiame was a construct of early Christian missionaries, but K Langloh Parker dated belief in Baiame to (at latest) 1830, prior to missionary activity in the region. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 17 Aug 1923 Page 3 Early Recollections of Dungog. One of the keerang now goes and meets the men and novices -who may be distinguished as the white mob - who are by this time waiting just out of sight, and tells them that everything is ready.
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Keeper of the Barrington Tops the aboriginals ( possessed a keen sense of humor were. Schools of fish were not allowed to go up this path nor wonnarua family tree the top of National... Who fully believed in an after existence, and the only cessation was all! Be formed on some tolerably level ground near a running stream or water-hole they usually them. Was amazingly perfect Bulga near Singleton N.S.W had some idea of a freshly stripped sheet of,... Exploring the lives of those who remained in contact with European settlement died disease... After this outrage the natives dividedone body seeking shelter south-west towards the Upper Arundel relating the! Of Sensagent ) triggered by double-clicking any word on your webpage to be the excrement of Ko-en. Through the Department of Education as far as Singleton the illustration above Broken. Hill at all old men remain standing near them, armed with spears, to see that the (! Classification, common language and law boards nailed across the dangerous parts sun crossed the.... Great Spirit, but what the guardian said, the silence was Broken though... And come quite near, and are invested with their personal adornments racist...