As not all states are nation states, there are ethnic groups who live in multinational states without being considered "stateless nations". In the Middle East the history of national consciousness differs a great deal from that of Europe. For the sake of this discussion, however, it is important to know that various cultural communities, whether they called themselves qawm or umum (plural for umma), came to considerthemselves nations. "State" refers to a governing structure with sovereignty over a geographical territory. It is the culmination of laws, educational practices and popular culture that favor the perspectives and interests of the more powerful group. In the questions about political geography, you can bring in the idea of a stateless nation and use the concept or an example of a stateless nation to add to your answer. Therefore, it is crucial to understand stateless nations and how they came about because a significant amount of conflict today in the world comes from stateless nations. Gamal Abdul Nasser and Non-Alignment, Part 11. Regarding the free response question (FRQ), you will most likely not be directly asked a question involving stateless nations explicitly. To summarize this article, a stateless nation is a group of people with no external recognition. The rest are multinational states: their territorial boundaries contain the territories of more than one ethnic nation. Modernization Versus Westernization, Part 7. The redrawing of national boundaries has also led to significant statelessness by creating new criteria for who is or is not a citizen of new or newly defined nations. The history books your country uses tell lies about you. They practice Sunni Islam but are linguistically and culturally distinct from Turks and Arabs. Many of the US's hundreds of nations governed their own fully sovereign territory and did not come under US control until the 1800s. This is considered insulting or worse. The Kurds are one of the largest stateless nations, with over 20 million people dispersed throughout six countries: Syria, Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. Stateless nation: A nation of people without a state that it considers home (e.g., Kurds, Basques, Palestinians, the Hmong). [23] In a multinational state different national identities can coexist or compete: for example, in Britain English nationalism, Scottish nationalism and Welsh nationalism exist and are held together by British nationalism. There are also numerous Kurdish, Arab, Azeri, Assyrian, Jewish, Iranians, among others, and each may be speakers of a different language, and/or adherents to a different religious tradition. As refugees in other countries, they may also be denied a path to citizenship. [92], This article is about a nation lacking a nation state. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. Unification of the Lezgin people in Azerbaijan and, partially controlled by the self-proclaimed. B. had several forerunners. Keys to Understanding the Middle East by Alam Payind and Melinda McClimans is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Nation States and Stateless Nations, Part 8. National Borders as Foreign Intervention, Part 5. The term State of Palestine is only used officially by Sweden. Historically occupied the independent, Gorkhaland is a proposed state in India demanded by the people of the, The Moro people of Muslim Mindanao has since been granted autonomy as the. Instead, the Kurdish population is spread across territory in Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. Its 100% free. To take an example from Arabic speaking communities of the Middle East. The Post-Colonial Era in the Middle East: Iran and Turkey, Part 10. What is an example of a nation without a state? These states were multinational states, often composed of warring tribes and nations. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. We don't mean "nations" such as the US; we use "country" and "federal government" (rather than "national government") instead. Palestinians aren't a homogenous ethnic or religious group like the Kurds and the Rohingya. Majority of the Circassians were destroyed by Russia in the, Many groups seek for total independence from Italy, while some just want more autonomy and recognition of Venetian language and people. Contents Kurds Rohingya Palestinians Roma There is a new law being put for debate to allow dual citizenship in Germany. Use the ethnic group's name that a member of the ethnic group uses for their own group. Likewise, the word umma, which means community and is used by Muslims to refer to their global community, is also sometimes translated as nation. Economic distress As elsewhere, in the refugee settlements in South Asia, the risks of contracting COVID-19 have much to do with employment and economic status, and Witness the disintegration of Yugoslavia in the 1990s: the attempted establishment of nation-states, with one nation per state, resulted in ethnic cleansing, genocide, refugees, and civil war, and the problem is not yet fully resolved. Thus, qawmia is usually how the word nationalism is translated. Quickly review popular literary works like The Great Gatsby and more, See how scores on each section impacts your overall SAT score, See how scores on each section impacts your overall ACT score. As a verb it emphasizes the historical nature of inequity and a phenomenon that is continually reinforced in a country. National devolution, further autonomy or total secession from Mali. Without legal rights as citizens, the Rohingya are subject to discriminatory and unjust policies that restrict their movement, confiscate their land and severely limit their access to health care, education and employment. example children with disabilities are 42% less likely to have foundational reading and numeracy skills . - Another important reason is the emergence of new states and changes in borders. Stateless nations are either dispersed across a number of states (for example, the Kurdish people are found in Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia and Syria), or they form the native population of a province within a larger state (such as the Uyghur people in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region within the People's Republic of China). Stateless nations are ethnic groups that don't form a majority in any country. Thus, qawmia is usually how the word nationalism is translated. Its people often live in varying degrees of attachment to their original nation. Some stateless nations historically had a state, which was absorbed by another; for example, Tibet's declaration of independence in 1913 was not recognized, and it was reunited in 1951 by the People's Republic of China which claims that Tibet is an integral part of China, while the Tibetan government-in-exile maintains that Tibet is an independent state under an unlawful occupation. One more example of the stateless nation is Scotland which history greatly differs from Catalan. Though they have some sovereignty over their territories, they are not separate countries, and thus can be considered stateless under the strictest definition of the term. It is important to understand the dynamics of national identity for two main reasons: 1) to understand the immense cultural diversity of the Middle East. There are numerous Kurdish, Arab, Azeri, Assyrian, Jewish, Iranians, among others, and each may be speakers of a different language, and/or adherents to a different religious tradition. In addition to practicing Islam in a majority Buddhist country, the Rohingya speak their own language. The 1967 Six-Day War ended with Israel taking even more territory, including the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. One result of this was a power struggle between secular forces, i.e., princes and local rulers, and the Church. [2] The term "stateless" implies that the group "should have" such a state (country). Some of them see themselves as part of the multinational state and they believe that their interests are well represented in it. This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 02:32. The total population of the Province of Quebec is 8.2 million, of which over 80% are French speakers. The Mystical Tradition of Sufism, or Tasawwuf, Part 11. Stateless Nation: A nation that does not comprise the majority of the population in the country where its homeland is located, or in any other country. The favoring of a united single state is also associated with unionism (Pakistani nationalism, Indian nationalism, Chinese nationalism,[32] British nationalism, Spanish nationalism, Russian nationalism). We will finish by showing how this fits into the AP Human Geography multiple choice and free response question (FRQ) by showing an example, followed by a summary of this entire page. They are thus stateless nations. Their residents found themselves declared to be permanent residents - but not citizens - of Israel. Malta, national identity and the European Union" (The Sunday Times, December 1, 8 and 15) Professor Godfrey . Some 20 million Kurds live in Turkey. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. Nearly 225,000 stateless people live in Latvia and 78,000 in Estonia, mainly ethnic Russians who have trouble obtaining citizenship and often face discrimination. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. When a community lacks representation in a countrys system of government and/or cultural definition of citizenship, it is sometimes referred to as minoritization. Minoritize is a verb used in the social sciences to critically describe the process which creates inequity between groups in a given country (see Key Concept below). Captive nations are trapped in highly discriminatory situations, still inhabiting ancestral homeland but bereft of many rights and legal protections. Kurdish populations are spread between four countries (Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran) in all of which they live as (sometimes persecuted) minorities. Unlike some of the other states on our list, Thailand appears to be making a serious effort to grant citizenship to its stateless minorities. The Jewish people were once a famous "stateless nation" in history, until the creation of Israel in 1948. So what is the answer? Stateless Nation: An ethnic group that does not comprise the majority of the population in the country where its homeland is located, or in any other country. What Are the Consequences That Stateless People Encounter? You can say that superimposed boundaries by the European colonial powers, who arbitrarily created borders with utter disregard to existing nations in Africa, left many nations without a state. When the mandate ended in 1948, with the founding of the State of Israel, the Palestinians became definitively stateless. Since no government recognizes them, they can't get a birth certificate, attend school, see a doctor, own property or get married.
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